Dynamics of contraceptive use and breastfeeding during the post-partum period in Peru and Indonesia

Becker, Stan; Ahmed, Saifuddin

doi:10.1080/00324720127688

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…However, this advantage only counts if the selected method is a permanent one or if consistent use of the method is achieved without discontinuation. In a study of Peru and Indonesian women, results showed that women who initiated the use of pills and IUDs within the first 6 months were more likely to be pregnant after 2 years of childbirth than women who initiated similar contraception after 6 months postpartum 43. Therefore, early adoption of a contraceptive method may not necessarily translate into adequate birth spacing if continuation rates are low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menstrual Pattern, Sexual Behaviors, and Contraceptive Use among Postpartum Women in Nairobi Urban Slums

et al. 2010

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Postpartum months provide a challenging period for poor women. This study examined patterns of menstrual resumption, sexual behaviors and contraceptive use among urban poor postpartum women. Women were eligible for this study if they had a birth after the period September 2006 and were residents of two Nairobi slums of Korogocho and Viwandani. The two communities are under continuous demographic surveillance. A monthly calendar type questionnaire was administered retrospectively to cover the period since birth to the interview date and data on sexual behavior, menstrual resumption, breastfeeding patterns, and contraception were collected. The results show that sexual resumption occurs earlier than menses and postpartum contraceptive use. Out of all postpartum months where women were exposed to the risk of another pregnancy, about 28% were months where no contraceptive method was used. Menstrual resumption acts as a trigger for initiating contraceptive use with a peak of contraceptive initiation occurring shortly after the first month when menses are reported. There was no variation in contraceptive method choice between women who initiate use before and after menstrual resumption. Overall, poor postpartum women in marginalized areas such as slums experience an appreciable risk of unintended pregnancy. Postnatal visits and other subsequent health system contacts provide opportunities for reaching postpartum women with a need for family planning services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menstrual Pattern, Sexual Behaviors, and Contraceptive Use among Postpartum Women in Nairobi Urban Slums

et al. 2010

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“…In Bangladesh, early adopters of oral contraceptives experienced higher pregnancy risks than nonusers because of discontinuation of use around the time that they became exposed to the risk of pregnancy; 13 in Peru and Indonesia, women who started use of pills and (more surprisingly) IUDs in the first six months postpartum were more likely to experience pregnancy within 24 months than those adopting at 6-11 months postpartum. 14 An overlap of contraceptive use with amenorrhea, together with high discontinuation, may be responsible for the finding that, in four countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, use of injectables was associated with a shortening of birth intervals at an aggregate level. 15 Assessment of the merits of the current-status definition raises a central question about postpartum family planning.…”

Section: Estimating Unmet Need For Contraception Among Postpartum Womenmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Fresh Look at the Level of Unmet Need for Family Planning in the Postpartum Period, Its Causes and Program Implications

Cleland¹,

Shah²,

Beňová³

2015

IPSRH

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One central rationale for the promotion of family planning is the potential benefit to the health of mothers and children. The achievement of adequate spacing between pregnancies is a major pathway through which contraceptive practice can render benefits. Pregnancies conceived less than 20 months following a prior birth are at considerably higher risk of prematurity, low birth weight, fetal death and early neonatal death. 1 The importance of this link is underscored by the facts that neonatal deaths account for 44% of all childhood deaths and that prematurity is the most common cause. 2 In addition to the 2.9 million neonatal deaths that occur each year, 99% in low-and middleincome countries, an almost equal number of stillbirths occur. 3 An analysis of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 52 countries showed that the adverse effects of inadequate spacing extend beyond the neonatal period. 4 Expressed in terms of interbirth intervals, children born within 24 months of an elder sibling have a 60% increased risk of dying before their first birthday and those born 2-3 years after an elder sibling have a 10% increased risk, compared with those born after an interval of 3-5 years. For children between the ages of one and five years, the balance of evidence suggests that intervals of less than two years are associated with a 40% increased risk of dying. A systematic review confirmed that the health of mothers is also affected by inadequate spacing. 5 Specifically, short intervals are associated with uterine rupture and uteroplacental bleeding disorders. Despite the steep rise in contraceptive use in developing countries, interbirth intervals have increased in length only slightly over the past 25 years; according to recent surveys, 25% of second and higher-order children are born within two years of a sibling, compared with about 29% a decade earlier. 6Though this evidence underlines the importance of postpartum family planning for the health of both mothers and children, the topic suffered a prolonged era of benign neglect that has only recently been remedied. In 2013, the World Health Organization issued new guidelines for this component of contraceptive services and the U.S. Agency for International Development is funding projects to provide postpartum services. 7,8 One factor that helped to revitalize this agenda was a study of women in 27 countries by Ross and Winfrey in which the proportion who wanted to postpone another child for at least two years but were using no method of contraception was, on average, at the very high level of 65% in the first year following childbirth. 9 Indeed, their analysis suggested that 39% of all unmet need for contraception arose from women who had given birth in the previous 12 months. For decades, the concept of unmet need has been the main way of prioritizing populations for delivery of family planning services, and thus Ross and Winfrey's article had a major impact. However, their findings are perplexing because it is well established that most couples wish to space su...

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“…Previous research shows that FP use was more likely in the month following menses return (Becker & Ahmed, 2001). Of total 36,115, only 25,992 women had resumed menstruation at the time of the survey.…”

Section: Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Maternal and Child Health Care Services on Postpartum Contraceptive Adoption in India

2017

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Strengths and Limitations of This StudyRecently, the time span between births was a subject of renewed interest in the field of maternal and child health due to the increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes like the risk of low birth weight, small-for-gestational age, and infant death (Conde-Agudelo, Rosas-Bermúdez, & Kafury-Goeta, 2006). In a wide range of populations, linkages between 733515S GOXXX10.

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Dynamics of contraceptive use and breastfeeding during the post-partum period in Peru and Indonesia

Cited by 33 publications

References 37 publications

Menstrual Pattern, Sexual Behaviors, and Contraceptive Use among Postpartum Women in Nairobi Urban Slums

Menstrual Pattern, Sexual Behaviors, and Contraceptive Use among Postpartum Women in Nairobi Urban Slums

A Fresh Look at the Level of Unmet Need for Family Planning in the Postpartum Period, Its Causes and Program Implications

Role of Maternal and Child Health Care Services on Postpartum Contraceptive Adoption in India

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