Dynamics of Antibodies to Various Antigens of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 Infection

IgM and IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus are detected in subjects who have recovered from COVID-19; IgM antibodies persist in a 1/3 of infected subjects up to 12 months from the moment of the disease, while IgG antibodies are present in the vast majority of cases (97%; medium and high levels antibodies were registered in 85% of cases). By the 12th month, 40% of those who recovered still have a very high level of IgG antibodies to the S-protein (>500 BAU/ml). In the feces, urine, and blood serum of patients with long-term persistent IgM antibodies, no coronavirus antigens were detected. After vaccination with the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine, IgG antibodies to the S-protein are detected in 100% of cases and remain at a high level for 4 months, by the 5-6th month, the level of antibodies decreases. During revaccination, the level of IgG antibodies to S-protein reaches high values earlier than during primary vaccination, and remains high for 4 months (observation period). The blood sera of recovered and vaccinated patients have a high virus-neutralizing activity (at least 1:80), while its level is somewhat higher in recovered patients.

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Features of the Humoral Response to Infection, Vaccination, and Revaccination during COVID-19

Kombarova

Aleshkin

Novikova

et al. 2022

Bull Exp Biol Med

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Features of the Formation of Seroprevalence to SARS-CoV2 in the Population of the Republic of Tatarstan during the Spread of COVID-19

Решетникова

Агафонова

Khakimov

et al. 2023

Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention

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Relevance. It is relevant to study the features of the formation and duration of the humoral immune response to a new coronavirus infection in a high-risk group of infection - among medical workers. Aims. To study the dynamics of the levels of specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) to SARS-CoV2 in unvaccinated MRs of the temporary infectious diseases hospital to assess the trends of the individual humoral immune response to a new coronavirus infection. Materials and methods. We monitored IgM and IgG to SARS-CoV-2 in 68 unvaccinated healthcare workers monthly from July 2020 to July 2021 by two-stage direct solid-phase ELISA using the test systems «SARS-CoV-2-IgG-ELISA-BEST» and «SARS-CoV-2-IgM-ELISA-BEST», Russia. Among them, there were 26.5% men and 73.5% women, the average age was 43.5 ± 1.51 years, doctors 52.9%, paramedical personnel 36.8% and junior staff 10.3%. 69.1% had a history of clinical manifestations of COVID19, among them 42.7% had a mild infection, 20.6% had a moderate infection, and 5.9% had a severe infection, 30.9% were asymptomatic. Statistical processing were carried out using the methods of variation statistics using the Excel statistical package and the WinPepi software product (version 11.65). Results. A decrease in the geometric mean value of IgM titers to SARS-CoV-2 (average monthly decrease of 6.40%) and an increase in the geometric mean value of IgG titers (average monthly increase of 4.26%). An individual assessment of the dynamics of antibodies from the day with the first positive result showed a decrease in the geometric mean values of antibody titers and IgM and IgG to SARS-CoV-2 (monthly average decrease of -23.56% and -1.18%, respectively). An individual assessment of the immune response made it possible to distinguish three groups according to the dynamics of IgM: M0 -IgM in the blood were absent (50 ± 5.7446%); M1 -IgM persisted for 1–2 months, followed by a rapid decrease in titer (16.176 ± 3.7943%); M2 – IgM remained in the blood for three or more months (33.824 ± 5.1033%). By the nature of the dynamics of IgG MR were divided into four troupes. With a downward trend in IgG titer: G0 – IgG does not exceed 95% of the upper confidence limit of the individual trend in any of the samples taken (19.118 ± 4.7686%), G1 – does not exceed 95% of the upper confidence limit of the individual trend starting from 3 months after the start observations (4.412 ± 2.4903%), G2 – there is an excess of 95% of the upper confidence limit of the individual trend starting from 3 months after the start of observation (69.118 ± 5.6027%); G3 – with a trend of increasing IgG titer (7.353 ± 3.1651%). Сonclusions. The results of serological monitoring as a whole indicate the formation of herd immunity in this cohort. Monitoring the intensity of the individual immune response to SARS-CoV-2 throughout the year reflects the natural course of the infectious process and is the basis for vaccination against COVID-19. The results of serological monitoring can be used to predict the epidemiological situation, plan specific and non-specific COVID-19, personalization of vaccination.

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Dynamics of Antibodies to Various Antigens of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 Infection

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Features of the Humoral Response to Infection, Vaccination, and Revaccination during COVID-19

Features of the Humoral Response to Infection, Vaccination, and Revaccination during COVID-19

Features of the Formation of Seroprevalence to SARS-CoV2 in the Population of the Republic of Tatarstan during the Spread of COVID-19

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