Dynamically self-assembled silver nanoparticles as a thermally tunable metamaterial

Lewandowski, Wiktor; Fruhnert, Martin; Mieczkowski, Józef; Rockstuhl, Carsten; Górecka, Ewa

doi:10.1038/ncomms7590

Cited by 166 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Utilization of liquid crystals has been a promising approach . Combining the optical properties of nanoparticles with the structural adaptability of liquid crystal (LC) systems has allowed the development of switchable materials .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticles Thin Films with Thermo‐ and Photoresponsive Plasmonic Properties Realized with Liquid‐Crystalline Ligands

Tomczyk

Promiński

Bagiński

et al. 2019

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Robust synthesis of large‐scale self‐assembled nanostructures with long‐range organization and a prominent response to external stimuli is critical to their application in functional plasmonics. Here, the first example of a material made of liquid crystalline nanoparticles which exhibits UV‐light responsive surface plasmon resonance in a condensed state is presented. To obtain the material, metal cores are grafted with two types of organic ligands. A promesogenic derivative softens the system and induces rich liquid crystal phase polymorphism. Second, an azobenzene derivative endows nanoparticles with photoresponsive properties. It is shown that nanoparticles covered with a mixture of these ligands assemble into long‐range ordered structures which exhibit a novel dual‐responsivity. The structure and plasmonic properties of the assemblies can be controlled by a change in temperature as well as by UV‐light irradiation. These results present an efficient way to obtain bulk quantities of self‐assembled nanostructured materials with stability that is unattainable by alternative methods such as matrix‐assisted or DNA‐mediated organization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticles Thin Films with Thermo‐ and Photoresponsive Plasmonic Properties Realized with Liquid‐Crystalline Ligands

Tomczyk

Promiński

Bagiński

et al. 2019

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“…[1][2][3] However, it remains a grand challenge to realize dynamic and reversible tuning of plasmons with large spectral shifts, which can be applied in large-area wallpapers and video walls, as well as sensors. Previous attempts to realize such a dynamic and reversible tuning used liquid crystals, [ 4,5 ] phase-change materials, DNA origami, [6][7][8] mechanical stretching, [ 9,10 ] stimuli-responsive polymers, [11][12][13][14] and electric fi elds. [ 15,16 ] However, either the tuning range was very small (<50 nm) or the plasmonic nanostructures were poorly defi ned (random aggregates), which hinders in-depth understanding and practical applications.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adom201600094mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Dynamic Color Switching in Temperature‐Responsive Plasmonic Films

Ding

Rüttiger

Zheng

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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COMMUNICATIONmembranes, biosensing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. [ 19,20 ] Due to its strong volume shrinkage (up to 90%) when the temperature rises above a critical hydration temperature ( T c ) and its full reversibility across this phase transition, pNIPAM has been utilized to tune plasmons in Au/Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and nanorods. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] However, because these plasmonic assemblies are either randomly decorated around the surface of pNIPAM microgels or aggregates with undefi ned number of particles and confi gurations, it is hard to understand the physics of the mixture of different plasmonic constructs properly. Moreover, it takes time for water to diffuse inside the microgels to fully swell them, thus the speed of volume changes has been relatively slow (typically a few seconds).Here, we graft pNIPAM layers ( d = 70 nm thick) onto Au mirror by applying surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) protocols, and place scattering Au NPs on top. By utilizing the phase transition of the pNIPAM, the separation between Au NP and Au fi lm is widely tunable, thereby leading to a dynamic and reversible plasmon tuning system based on modulating the resonant modes. The resulting fi lms exhibit strong color changes, are simple to fabricate, can be fl exible, are low cost, can easily scale to large areas, and respond faster than video rates. In addition, the plasmonic nanoparticles can also be optically irradiated to locally switch the surrounding pNIPAM layers, creating video-rate all-optical switching over large areas.The Au mirrors are deposited via electron beam evaporation with roughness controlled below 1.5 ± 0.5 nm. [ 28 ] The pNIPAM fi lms are then prepared on these Au fi lms by SI-ATRP ( Figure 1 , Experimental Section). [ 29 ] The thickness of the as-grown dry pNIPAM fi lms is determined to be 67 ± 1 nm via ellipsometry ( Figure S1, Supporting Information). The molecular weight estimated from the free pNIPAM synthesized under the same condition is 26.3 kDa as determined by size-exclusion chromatography. The transition temperature of this pNIPAM fi lm determined through contact angle measurement is around 30 °C ( Figure S2, Supporting Information). This value is slightly lower than the normal lower critical solution temperature (LCST) (32 °C) of pNIPAM mainly because of the residue Cu 2+ salts and polar end groups introduced during the ATRP process. The D = 100 nm diameter Au NPs (from BBI Solutions with 10% monodispersity, Figure S3, Supporting Information) deposited on the fi lms from solution appear slightly embedded inside the pNIPAM brushes as seen in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images (inset Figure 1 ). Nanoparticle densities are varied up to 1 nanoparticle µm -2 to ensure that there is minimal coupling between nanoparticles, while the total scattering is maximized. Though this Au NP on mirror (NPoM) is related to the recent advances in small-gap constructs, [ 22 ] here the gap remains larger than the radius, reducing the plasmonic This is an ope...

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“…In THz frequencies, transparent conductive oxides, graphene, liquid crystals, and ferroelectric materials are common materials which are used to design these tunable and reconfigurable metamaterials . The characters of these active materials are controlled and tuned through electrical, optical, and thermal methods . Many application and devices have been reported based on these tunable and reconfigurable metamaterials such as tunable absorber and dynamic manipulation of radiation, and amplitude modulations in THz.…”

Section: Conclusion and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Active functions and features achieved by tunable or reconfigurable metamaterials are highly desired in the field of science, engineering, and military. 60 There are many tuning mechanisms for controlling the active components, such as electric, [60][61][62][63][64] thermal, [65][66][67][68] and optical. [69][70][71][72] Various types of active or tunable materials have been explored in tunable and reconfigurable metamaterials such as transparent conductive oxides, 73,74 ferroelectrics, 75,76 liquid crystal, 77,78 graphene, 61,79,80 and phase change materials [81][82][83][84] in terahertz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable, reconfigurable, and programmable metamaterials

Bao

Cui

2019

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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Electromagnetic metamaterials have been developing rapidly and attracted worldwide attentions since the concept has been proposed due to their powerful ability in controlling electromagnetic (EM) waves. Active functions and features achieved by tunable or reconfigurable metamaterials are highly desired in the field of science, engineering, and military. With the introduction of digital metamaterials, a bridge between the physical world and the information world is set up. When the digital metamaterials are programmable, they enable the wave‐based information coding and processing on the physical level of metamaterials in real time. In this paper, we will summarize the recent progress on tunable, reconfigurable, and programmable metamaterials. Firstly, we introduce the tunable and reconfigurable metamaterials in terahertz and microwave frequencies. Secondly, we review the functional devices and novel systems by the programmable metamaterials. Finally, we give a brief developing prospect to the programmable metamaterials.

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Dynamically self-assembled silver nanoparticles as a thermally tunable metamaterial

Cited by 166 publications

References 67 publications

Gold Nanoparticles Thin Films with Thermo‐ and Photoresponsive Plasmonic Properties Realized with Liquid‐Crystalline Ligands

Gold Nanoparticles Thin Films with Thermo‐ and Photoresponsive Plasmonic Properties Realized with Liquid‐Crystalline Ligands

Fast Dynamic Color Switching in Temperature‐Responsive Plasmonic Films

Tunable, reconfigurable, and programmable metamaterials

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