Dynamic Transmission of Numerous<i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>Genotypes among Lambs in an Infected Sheep Flock in an Area of Anaplasmosis Endemicity

Ladbury, Georgia; Stuen, Snorre; Thomas, Russell J.; Bown, Kevin; Woldehiwet, Z.; Granquist, Erik Georg; Bergström, Karin; Birtles, Richard J.

doi:10.1128/jcm.02068-07

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The infection of two nymphs, parasitizing the same bird, may be a result of co-feeding transmission. As infection prevalences of host-seeking ticks with A. phagocytophilum can reach up to 23.6% (Skarphedinsson et al, 2007) and some mammal species show high infection rates, these pathogens may have a reservoir in mammalian tick hosts, such as sheep, deer or rodents, rather than in birds (Liz et al, 2000;Ladbury et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Retracted: Established and emerging pathogens inIxodes ricinusticks collected from birds on a conservation island in the Baltic Sea

Franke¹,

Meier²,

Moldenhauer³

et al. 2010

Medical and Veterinary Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tick-borne pathogens such as Lyme borreliosis spirochaetes, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp. and Babesia spp. cause a great variety of diseases in animals and humans. Although their importance with respect to emerging human diseases is increasing, many issues about their ecology are still unclear. In spring 2007, 191 Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks were collected from 99 birds of 11 species on a bird conservation island in the Baltic Sea in order to test them for Borrelia spp., A. phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp. and Babesia spp. infections. Identification of the pathogens was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis. The majority of birds with ticks testing positive were European robins and thrushes. Borrelia DNA was detected in 14.1%, A. phagocytophilum in 2.6%, rickettsiae in 7.3% and Babesia spp. in 4.7% of the ticks. Co-infections with different pathogens occurred in six ticks (3.1%). The fact that 11 ticks (five larvae, six nymphs) were infected with Borrelia afzelii suggests that birds may, contrary to current opinion, serve as reservoir hosts for this species. Among rickettsial infections, we identified Rickettsia monacensis and Rickettsia helvetica. As we detected five Rickettsia spp. positive larvae and two birds carried more than one infected tick, transmission of those pathogens from birds to ticks appears possible. Further characterization of Babesia infections revealed Babesia divergens and Babesia microti. The occurrence of Babesia spp. in a total of five larvae suggests that birds may be able to infect ticks, at least with Ba. microti, a species considered not to be transmitted transovarially in ticks.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Retracted: Established and emerging pathogens inIxodes ricinusticks collected from birds on a conservation island in the Baltic Sea

Franke¹,

Meier²,

Moldenhauer³

et al. 2010

Medical and Veterinary Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This might also be inßuenced by the abundance of reservoir and nonreservoir hosts in the particular areas, but only little is known about the reservoir speciÞcity of this agent. To date, sheep, deer, and rodents are discussed as reservoir hosts for A. phagocytophilum (Liz et al 2000, Ladbury et al 2008.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Lyme Disease Agents and Several Emerging Pathogens in Questing Ticks From the German Baltic Coast

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In summer 2008, a total of 512 Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks was collected from vegetation in four areas at the Baltic coast of Germany and tested for the presence of Lyme disease spirochetes. Among them, 293 ticks from three areas were screened for Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae), rickettsiae of the spotted fever group (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae), and Babesia spp. (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae), respectively. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) were detected in 3.1% of the tick samples. The prevalence ofA. phagocytophilum was 1.0%, rickettsiae were present in 8.5%, and pathogenic Babesia spp. in 8.9% of analyzed ticks. Coinfections occurred in five ticks. With this study we report first data on the coexistence of established and emerging pathogens in questing ticks from recreational areas of northeastern Germany, indicating the need of further studies for a reliable risk assessment.

show abstract

“…differences in duration of fever, maximum temperature, level of antibody titre, and weight reduction [16-18]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection and effect on lamb growth

et al. 2011

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundA major challenge in sheep farming during the grazing season along the coast of south-western Norway is tick-borne fever (TBF) caused by the bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum that is transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus.MethodsA study was carried out in 2007 and 2008 to examine the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum infection and effect on weaning weight in lambs. The study included 1208 lambs from farms in Sunndal Ram Circle in Møre and Romsdal County in Mid-Norway, where ticks are frequently observed. All lambs were blood sampled and serum was analyzed by an indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA) to determine an antibody status (positive or negative) to A. phagocytophilum infection. Weight and weight gain and possible effect of infection were analyzed using ANOVA and the MIXED procedure in SAS.ResultsThe overall prevalence of infection with A. phagocytophilum was 55%. A lower weaning weight of 3% (1.34 kg, p < 0.01) was estimated in lambs seropositive to an A. phagocytophilum infection compared to seronegative lambs at an average age of 137 days.ConclusionsThe results show that A. phagocytophilum infection has an effect on lamb weight gain. The study also support previous findings that A. phagocytophilum infection is widespread in areas where ticks are prevalent, even in flocks treated prophylactic with acaricides.

show abstract

Dynamic Transmission of NumerousAnaplasma phagocytophilumGenotypes among Lambs in an Infected Sheep Flock in an Area of Anaplasmosis Endemicity

Cited by 40 publications

References 37 publications

Retracted: Established and emerging pathogens inIxodes ricinusticks collected from birds on a conservation island in the Baltic Sea

Retracted: Established and emerging pathogens inIxodes ricinusticks collected from birds on a conservation island in the Baltic Sea

Prevalence of Lyme Disease Agents and Several Emerging Pathogens in Questing Ticks From the German Baltic Coast

Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection and effect on lamb growth

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About