Dynamic Soaring Flight in Turbulence

Deittert, Markus; Richards, Arthur; Toomer, Chris; Pipe, Anthony G.

doi:10.2514/6.2009-6012

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Many commercial software are developed to determine trajectories for dynamic 32 generate the optimal trajectories of UAVs in the condition of the minimal and maximal strength of wind shear for the optimal cross-country travel by the software named AMPL, other examples can be seen in various other references. 17,19,[33][34][35][36][37] Nowadays, dynamic soaring has been used to extend flight duration of small UAVs, and many researchers try to realize the autonomous dynamic soaring of UAVs. Some pioneering works have been done, such as Boslough 38 addressed the feasibility of developing dynamic soaring flight control algorithms to sustain the flight of UAVs; NASA paid great effort to explore the potential to increase range and endurance by extracting energy from the ambient atmospheric velocity field; 39 Barate et al 40 designed a bio-inspired controller for dynamic soaring in a simulated UAV; Lawrance et al 41 designed a guidance and control strategy for a gliding UAV to perform the autonomous dynamic soaring; Kahveci et al 42 developed an adaptive control scheme based on linear quadratic control for UAV in autonomous soaring application; Denny 43 provided an instructive example of fixed-wing aerodynamics suitable for demonstration of dynamic soaring; Lawrance et al 44,45 and Langelaan et al 46,47 separately designed the methods to estimate wind field for autonomous dynamic soaring.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy extraction from wind shear: Reviews of dynamic soaring

Gao

Hou

Guo

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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This paper presents a review of research works related to the application of dynamic soaring for extracting and collecting energy from certain structures in the wind using a small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). By dynamic soaring, UAVs can extract energy from wind shear to produce electrical power or conduct a high-speed, long-endurance mission without adding extra weight. Combined with rapid technological development of UAVs, dynamic soaring might become a new way to explore nature's energy; extracted energy from wind shear might become a new source of renewable and sustainable energy. In this paper, we review the dynamic soaring and analyze the energy extraction process of it from the view of energy transformation. We also discuss the rate and efficiency of energy extraction as well as the possible applications, challenges and future of dynamic soaring in UAVs.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy extraction from wind shear: Reviews of dynamic soaring

Gao

Hou

Guo

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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“…According to the geometric relationship shown in Figure 2, we transform the equations above to the following equations in Cartesian coordinates by vx = vcosθcosψ, vy = vcosθsinψ and vz =vsinθ, where vx, vy, and vz denote the velocities of the aircraft along the respective axes. The problem formulation and modeling procedures adopted in this study are similar to those of some relevant previous works [16,21,23,36]. The aircraft is under the action of its weight, aerodynamics, and inertial force.…”

Section: Dynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the optimization method affords an optimal means of generating a Rayleigh Cycle [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], the computation procedure, as noted above, is too time-consuming for real-time applications. Hence, we used a state machine to imitate the four phases of the Rayleigh cycle of an albatross, namely, the upwind climb, high-altitude turn, downwind dive, and low-altitude turn phases.…”

Section: Bio-inspired Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sachs [21,22] also solved the optimal control problem of dynamic soaring and computed the minimum shear wind strength under certain conditions. Deittert et al [23] utilized the differential flatness property to determine the optimal trajectory for cross-country flight. Kaushik et al [24] used the GPOPS-II optimal control software for trajectory computation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Albatross-Like Utilization of Wind Gradient for Unpowered Flight of Fixed-Wing Aircraft

2017

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Abstract:The endurance of an aircraft can be considerably extended by its exploitation of the hidden energy of a wind gradient, as an albatross does. The process is referred to as dynamic soaring and there are two methods for its implementation, namely, sustainable climbing and the Rayleigh cycle. In this study, the criterion for sustainable climbing was determined, and a bio-inspired method for implementing the Rayleigh cycle in a shear wind was developed. The determined sustainable climbing criterion promises to facilitate the development of an unpowered aircraft and the choice of a more appropriate soaring environment, as was demonstrated in this study. The criterion consists of three factors, namely, the environment, aerodynamics, and wing loading. We develop an intuitive explanation of the Raleigh cycle and analyze the energy mechanics of utilizing a wind gradient in unpowered flight. The energy harvest boundary and extreme power point were determined and used to design a simple bio-inspired guidance strategy for implementing the Rayleigh cycle. The proposed strategy, which involves the tuning of a single parameter, can be easily implemented in real-time applications. In the results and discussions, the effects of each factor on climbing performance are examined and the sensitivity of the aircraft factor is discussed using five examples. Experimental MATLAB simulations of the proposed strategy and the comparison of the results with those of Gauss Pseudospectral Optimization Software confirm the feasibility of the proposed strategy.

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“…Deittert et al [16] used a generic 3-m wing span UAV to study the impact of atmospheric turbulence on its dynamic soaring flight. He limited the soaring flights to stationary trajectories only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time optimal techniques for unmanned air vehicles fuel saving

Akhtar

Whidborne

Cooke

2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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Dynamic soaring can save fuel by the extraction of low-altitude wind shear energy. The problem of generating energy-saving trajectories in real time for an unmanned powered sailplane is considered. A method called 'inverse dynamics in the virtual domain' is investigated. The method results in rapid solution generation and is suitable for real-time applications. Threedimensional unmanned aerial vehicle equations of motion and a non-linear wind gradientmodel are used. Trajectories are generated to minimize the total power used per horizontal distance travelled for cross-wind travelling and in the total power used per total time in air for loitering mode. Trajectory following issues are addressed and an architecture for the control system is briefly described. A method for the estimation of wind shear gradient parameters is proposed. Validation is performed using a full six-degree-of-freedom model of a powered sailplane to verify the trajectory generation method.

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Dynamic Soaring Flight in Turbulence

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Energy extraction from wind shear: Reviews of dynamic soaring

Energy extraction from wind shear: Reviews of dynamic soaring

Albatross-Like Utilization of Wind Gradient for Unpowered Flight of Fixed-Wing Aircraft

Real-time optimal techniques for unmanned air vehicles fuel saving

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