Dynamic Risk Assessment of Lead Pollution of Shooting Range Soil by Applying the Delayed Geochemical Hazard Model – A Case Study in Botswana

Dinake, Pogisego; Kelebemang, Rosemary; Sehube, Nicholas; Kereeditse, Tsotlhe Trinity; Motswetla, Obakeng

doi:10.1080/15320383.2020.1747812

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Bullets, for instance, can lead to a release of Pb following complex mineralogical and chemical processes in the soil some of which conclude with the precipitation of insoluble minerals or plant uptake [59]. As a major PTE in military-impacted zones, Pb partitioned in different soil fractions may be initially inert but then later become reactive following changing soil conditions (e.g., pH, moisture, OM) or when its quantities in soil exceed the soil-holding capacity [60]. Other PTEs often released to soil by weapon residues include Sb, chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) [21,61].…”

Section: Soil Contamination By Potentially Toxic Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Contamination in Areas Impacted by Military Activities: A Critical Review

et al. 2020

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Military activities drastically affect soil properties mainly via physical/chemical disturbances during military training and warfare. The present paper aims to review (1) physical/chemical disturbances in soils following military activities, (2) approaches to characterization of contaminated military-impacted sites, and (3) advances in human health risk assessment for evaluating potential adverse impacts. A literature search mainly covering the period 2010–2020 but also including relevant selected papers published before 2010 was conducted. Selected studies (more than 160) were grouped as follows and then reviewed: ~40 on the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), ~20 on energetic compounds (ECs) and chemical warfare agents (CWAs), ~40 on human health risk assessment, and generic limits/legislation, and ~60 supporting studies. Soil physical disturbances (e.g., compaction by military traffic) may drastically affect soil properties (e.g., hydraulic conductivity) causing environmental issues (e.g., increased erosion). Chemical disturbances are caused by the introduction of numerous PTEs, ECs, and CWAs and are of a wide nature. Available generic limits/legislation for these substances is limited, and their contents do not always overlap. Among numerous PTEs in military-impacted zones, Pb seems particularly problematic due to its high toxicity, abundance, and persistence. For ECs and CWAs, their highly variable physiochemical properties and biodegradability govern their specific distribution, environmental fate, and transport. Most site characterization includes proper spatial/vertical profiling, albeit without adequate consideration of contaminant speciation/fractionation. Human health risk assessment studies generally follow an agreed upon framework; however, the depth/adequacy of their use varies. Generic limits/legislation limited to a few countries do not always include all contaminants of concern, their content doesn’t overlap, and scientific basis is not always clear. Thus, a comprehensive scientific framework covering a range of contaminants is needed. Overall, contaminant speciation, fractionation, and mobility have not been fully considered in numerous studies. Chemical speciation and bioaccessibility, which directly affect the results for risk characterization, should be properly integrated into risk assessment processes for accurate results.

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Section: Soil Contamination By Potentially Toxic Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Contamination in Areas Impacted by Military Activities: A Critical Review

et al. 2020

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“…Once released into the environment, the majority of PTEs in ammunition undergo oxidation upon contact with air and subsequently condense into fine particles in the atmosphere. These particles are then deposited into various environmental matrices through rainfall (Dinake et al, 2020). Over time, PTEs have the potential to mobilize, and new minerals, primarily oxides, may precipitate, starting from a supersaturated soil solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks of Soil Pollution with Toxic Elements During Military Actions in Lviv

Petrushka,

Malovanyy,

Skrzypczak

et al. 2024

J. Ecol. Eng.

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Considering that approximately 20% of the nation's land remains under the occupation of Russian forces, assessing the impact of the invasion in the midst of ongoing conflict is a formidable challenge. However, even the limited available data offers a distressing glimpse into an ecological catastrophe. The detonation of rockets and artillery shells leads to the generation of a variety of chemical compounds containing elements such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd). The primary goal of this research was to ascertain the presence of potentially hazardous elements (PTE) within the soil in areas subjected to targeted rocket attacks within the Lviv districts. Soil samples were gathered from four locations in the city of Lviv, which had been impacted by rocket fire, using a concentric circle sampling methodology. Two distinct instrumental techniques, namely X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), were employed to quantify the concentration of heavy metals within the soil samples. Results revealed that all soil samples exhibited a significant exceedance of the maximum allowable concentrations for titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni). To assess the leachability and bioavailability of these elements within the soil, various extraction methods were applied in aqueous conditions and in the presence of ammonium citrate. The latter method demonstrated high effectiveness in extracting zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd) from the soil. The level of soil contamination was evaluated using diverse criteria, including the contamination factor (Cf), the environmental risk factor (Er), the potential environmental risk index (Ri), the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and the environmental risk factor (NIPI -National Iron plus Initiative). The computed cumulative environmental impact of all elements (NIPI = 49.001 and NIRI = 54.941, National Investor Relations Institute) underscores the substantial pollution within the surveyed area.

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“…..... 116 Figura 39 -Dados de concentração de antimônio (Sb) versus concentração de chumbo (Pb) para as profundidades de coleta em 0-5 cm e 5-25 cm, com as barras de erro referentes às análises de Sb. VP: valor de prevenção; VRQ: valor de referência de Esse contaminante é frequentemente encontrado em áreas onde há prática de tiro ao alvo ou treinamentos militares envolvendo o uso de munição (DINAKE et al, 2020;REIGOSA-ALONSO et al, 2021). Vale ressaltar, entretanto, que a contaminação nas áreas de tiro não está limitada somente à prática de tiro em si, mas também pode estar relacionada à disposição da munição e ao escoamento de água das chuvas, por exemplo (BROOMANDI et al, 2020).…”

Section: Lista De Figurasunclassified

Estimativa da extensão superficial da contaminação por chumbo (Pb) no solo em uma unidade de conservação de proteção integral no município de São Paulo.

Mendes

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Ao meu esposo, Luciano, que me faz rir todos os dias. Aos meus filhos, Miguel e Laura, que dividiram a minha atenção no início de suas vidas com a execução desse trabalho. Todo o meu amor é de vocês, para sempre! AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, pelo dom da vida. Ao meu amado esposo, Luciano, por todo o companheirismo e compreensão, e por ter topado a aventura de coletar todas as amostras deste trabalho comigo! Obrigada por estar sempre presente, junto com Miguel e Laura, nossos tesouros. À minha família, em especial aos meus pais, Sueli D. Paupitz e Edison T. Mendes, que cuidaram dos meus pequenos para que esse trabalho pudesse ser concluído, além de tantas outras ajudas; e ao meu irmão, Lucas, que esteve com nossos pais enquanto eu não estava, e depois acompanhou de perto o início desse projeto. Aos amigos que partilharam dessa caminhada, sobretudo Lélia, Rayanne, Luana e Larissa. Agradeço toda a ajuda (em campo, no laboratório, e virtualmente), troca de experiências, revisões de texto e palavras de incentivos para finalizar essa etapa. Ao Prof. Dr. Osvaldo Chiavone Filho, que me acompanhou desde o mestrado, e depois me acolheu novamente, quando retornei à UFRN. À minha querida coorientadora, Dra. Marilda M. G. R. Vianna (in memoriam), que tanto me ensinou e estimulou, sempre determinada a passar seu conhecimento adiante. Tenho certeza de que se alegraria demais em ver até onde cheguei! E ao meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Claudio A. O. do Nascimento, que possibilitou que essa pesquisa acontecesse. Ao João Fiori e ao Paulo Rocha, da empresa Essencis Technology, por permitirem que eu usasse o equipamento portátil e compartilharem o conhecimento a respeito da técnica; ao setor administrativo do Horto Florestal, pela parceria; e ao Prof. Vicente de Aquino Neto, que ajudou na definição da pesquisa. A todos aqueles, que de alguma forma, contribuíram para a realização desse trabalho e estiveram junto comigo nessa caminhada: muito obrigada! RESUMO Mendes, Gabriela Paupitz. Estimativa da extensão superficial da contaminação por chumbo (Pb) no solo em uma unidade de conservação de proteção integral no município de São Paulo. 2023. 145 f. Tese (Doutorado em

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Dynamic Risk Assessment of Lead Pollution of Shooting Range Soil by Applying the Delayed Geochemical Hazard Model – A Case Study in Botswana

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Soil Contamination in Areas Impacted by Military Activities: A Critical Review

Soil Contamination in Areas Impacted by Military Activities: A Critical Review

Risks of Soil Pollution with Toxic Elements During Military Actions in Lviv

Estimativa da extensão superficial da contaminação por chumbo (Pb) no solo em uma unidade de conservação de proteção integral no município de São Paulo.

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