Dynamic RF Combining for Multi-Antenna Ambient Energy Harvesting

López, Onel L. Alcaraz; Clerckx, Bruno

doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3133623

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In the literature, this kind of a system is called a rectenna [36]. The harvested energy will then be used to power a useful device, such as a sensor or detector [37]. The amount of harvested EM energy is typically very small [38], which is the main limiting factor for applications in many fields.…”

Section: Concept Of the Sensor Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EM harvesting can be utilized as a power source in applications with very low power demands [5,[34][35][36][37][38][39]. For the first time, it is shown in this work that it is possible to harvest EM energy by using the human body as an antenna and to modulate the obtained voltage by using a humidity sensor with activated aluminum electrodes in order to detect human breathing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Self-Powered Wearable Breath-Monitoring Sensor Enabled by Electromagnetic Harvesting Based on Nano-Structured Electrochemically Active Aluminum

et al. 2023

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Self-powered sensors are gaining a lot of attention in recent years due to their possible application in the Internet of Things, medical implants and wireless and wearable devices. Human breath detection has applications in diagnostics, medical therapy and metabolism monitoring. One possible approach for breath monitoring is detecting the humidity in exhaled air. Here, we present an extremely sensitive, self-powered sensor for breath humidity monitoring. As a power source, the sensor uses electromagnetic energy harvested from the environment. Even electromagnetic energy harvested from the human body is enough for the operation of this sensor. The signal obtained using the human body as a source was up to 100 mV with an estimated power of 1 nW. The relatively low amount of energy that could be harvested in this way was producing a signal that was modulated by an interdigitated capacitor made out of electrochemically activated aluminum. The signal obtained in this way was rectified by a set of Schottky diodes and measured by a voltmeter. The sensor was capable of following a variety of different respiration patterns during normal breathing, exercise and rest, at the same time powered only by electromagnetic energy harvested from the human body. Everything happened in the normal environment used for everyday work and life, without any additional sources, and at a safe level of electromagnetic radiation.

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Section: Concept Of the Sensor Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Self-Powered Wearable Breath-Monitoring Sensor Enabled by Electromagnetic Harvesting Based on Nano-Structured Electrochemically Active Aluminum

et al. 2023

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“…We model the RF transmitters deployment as an HPPP in a circle of radius 10 m and consider 1 mW as the target harvesting power for the devices. For RF combining, we have adopted a Discrete Fourier Transform -based codebook beamforming approach which is exemplified in [25].…”

Section: B Advanced Rectenna Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Optimal Deployment of Power Beacons for Massive Wireless Energy Transfer

Rosabal

López

Alves

et al. 2021

IEEE Internet Things J.

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Wireless energy transfer (WET) is emerging as an enabling green technology for Internet of Things (IoT) networks. WET allows the IoT devices to wirelessly recharge their batteries with energy from external sources such as dedicated radio frequency transmitters called power beacons (PBs). In this paper, we investigate the optimal deployment of PBs that guarantees a network-wide energy outage constraint. Optimal positions for the PBs are determined by maximizing the average incident power for the worst location in the service area since no information about the sensor deployment is provided. Such network planning guarantees the fairest harvesting performance for all the IoT devices. Numerical simulations evidence that our proposed optimization framework improves the energy supply reliability compared to benchmark schemes. Additionally, we show that although both, the number of deployed PBs and the number of antennas per PB, introduce performance improvements, the former has a dominant role. Finally, our proposal allows to extend the coverage area while keeping the total power budget fixed, which additionally reduces the level of electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of PBs.

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“…On the other hand, available energy resources, especially radio frequency (RF) energy from PUs, can be utilized to improve energy efficiency. Currently, RF energy scavenging (ES) is completely feasible with affordable ES circuits ready to be embedded in 5G/6G users 13–15 . Nonetheless, ES circuits include nonlinear components such as diodes, inductors, and capacitors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, RF energy scavenging (ES) is completely feasible with affordable ES circuits ready to be embedded in 5G/6G users. [13][14][15] Nonetheless, ES circuits include nonlinear components such as diodes, inductors, and capacitors. Accordingly, a realistic-and-general ES paradigm must feature the nonlinear characteristics of circuit elements that were presented in numerous nonlinear ES paradigms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of nonlinear energy scavenging overlay networks

Le-Thanh

Ho-Van

2022

Int J Communication

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This paper investigates a nonlinear energy scavenging overlay network (NLESON) wherein a primary source (PS) communicates with a primary destination (PD) probably under aid of a secondary source (SS) who communicates with a secondary destination (SD). SS is a power-constrained device, and thence, its operation relies on energy harvested by a practical nonlinear energy scavenger. To support PS and exploit the harvested energy at most, SS adaptively switches between single and superposition modes where the single mode allows SS to transmit solely its signal with the entire harvested energy and the superposition mode asks SS to transmit both-its signal and amplified primary signal-with different power fractions. Moreover, for increasing the probability of successfully decoding primary signal at PD and SD, which then reduces considerably primary interference on secondary signal in the superposition mode, we leverage both direct channels (PS-PD and PS-SD) and apply both signal combining paradigms (maximum ratio combining and selection combining).The outage/throughput performance of the NLESON is assessed quickly through the proposed closed-form expressions over κ À μ shadowed fading channels. Various results exposed the effectiveness of the aforementioned solutions for the NLESON and their flexibility in controlling system performance. K E Y W O R D Samplify-and-forward, direct channel, feedback, nonlinear energy scavenging, overlay networks, shadowed fading and motivationsAdvanced communication networks (viz., and Fifth-Generation [5G]) serve a vast quantity of users and hence pressuring significantly communication infrastructure in supplying adequately bandwidth and power. [1][2][3][4] Such a circumstance stimulates researches on initiatives to utilize energy and spectrum efficiently.On one hand, the spectrum can be exploited efficiently with the cognitive radio technology, which enables secondary users (SUs) to opportunistically transmit on the spectrum of primary users (PUs). Toward this end, SUs can operate with underlay, overlay, and interweave paradigms. 5 In both the overlay and underlay paradigms, PUs and SUs operate simultaneously while in the interweave one, SUs operate only when PUs are idle. Nevertheless, the underlay and overlay paradigms are different in that the former controls the transmit power of SUs such that the interference they induce

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Dynamic RF Combining for Multi-Antenna Ambient Energy Harvesting

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Self-Powered Wearable Breath-Monitoring Sensor Enabled by Electromagnetic Harvesting Based on Nano-Structured Electrochemically Active Aluminum

Self-Powered Wearable Breath-Monitoring Sensor Enabled by Electromagnetic Harvesting Based on Nano-Structured Electrochemically Active Aluminum

On the Optimal Deployment of Power Beacons for Massive Wireless Energy Transfer

Performance evaluation of nonlinear energy scavenging overlay networks

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