Dynamic response of laminated composite beam reinforced with shape memory alloy wires subjected to low velocity impact of multiple masses

Abstract

The response of laminated hybrid composite beam with embedded shape memory alloy wires subjected to impact of multiple masses is analytically investigated. Two degree of freedom spring-mass system and Fourier series are used in order to study the low velocity impact phenomenon on the resulting hybrid composite beam. A linearized contact law is chosen to calculate the contact force history. The effect of pseudo elasticity of wires as well as the recovery stresses generated in shape memory alloy wires due to shape memory effect is investigated. The beam is subjected to impactors with various masses, radii, and initial velocities. Impacts are occurred on the top and/or bottom surface of the beam. The effects of volume fraction of shape memory alloy wires, location of embedded wires, location of impacts and pre-strain in shape memory alloy wires on the contact force history and the deflection curve of the beam are investigated. The obtained results illustrated that embedding shape memory alloy wires in the laminated composite beam caused the deflection of the beam to occur more local at the points of impact, in comparison with the beams without shape memory alloy wires. Moreover, embedding 0.2 volume fraction of the shape memory alloy wires reduced the maximum deflection of the beam subjected to impact of 2 impactor masses by 57% and 3 impactor masses (on both sides) by 12%. Pre-straining the wires caused more reduction in deflection of the beam under impact loading.

Impact Resistance Enhancement of GLARE Composite Laminates Reinforced with Shape Memory Alloy Wires

“…During heating above the phase transition temperature, the wire undergoes a strain recovery process, but the epoxy resin surrounding the wire prevents it from fully returning to its original state, resulting in residual compressive stress. This stress can enhance the stiffness of the laminated composite [8,9]. Additionally, the presence of the Nitinol wire placed on the side closer to the pendulum can activate the stress-strain hysteresis loop of the shape memory alloy, effectively dissipating impact energy.…”

Recent advancements in the applications of fiber‐reinforced polymer structures in railway industry—A review

“…Some reinforcing methods are as follow: embedding SMA alloy reinforcement for more energy absorption: according to Meo's review, 112 embedding SMA alloys within composite structures results in a significant amount of impact energy absorption due to the superplastic behavior of SMA. It was demonstrated that a composite beam can experience a 56% reduction in deformation when only a 0.2% volume fraction of SMA is embedded in the beam, 113 using 3D fibers: according to Wang et al's experiments 114 on 3D woven basal/aramid composites, the reinforced interplay properties increased energy absorption by up to 67%, Z‐pinning: according to Mouritz, 115 using a relatively small amount of z‐pinning can increase the impact damage resistance of composites by 50% or more. Z‐pinning can significantly increase the laminate resistance to growth of the existing delamination during impact tests, according to experimental studies by Francesconia and Aymerich, 116 using protective coating: Rizzo et al 49 demonstrated that applying a protective thermoplastic polyurethane coating to CFRP laminates improves the material's ability to withstand damage from impacts by halting the spread of damage throughout the laminate, using Nano‐reinforcements: Cetin et al 117 employed multi‐walled carbon nanotubes to enhance the impact behavior of sandwich laminates with FRP faces and an aluminum core.…”

A review on shape memory alloy reinforced polymer composite materials and structures

“…Cho and Rhee [64] Nonlinear FEM SMA epoxy Simulation of SMA-reinforced graphite composites. Khalili et al [65] Concepts of 2D spring-mass system and linearized contact law…”