Dynamic polarization fluctuation characteristics of optical fiber submarine cables under various environmental conditions

Abstract

Absfract-Polarization fluctuation characteristics of optical fiber submarine cables under 8000-m deep sea environmental conditions, optical fiber submarine cable coupling under periodic variable tension, and cable performance during and after installation are presented. As a worst case, it is demonstrated that the maximum frequency spectrum of polarization fluctuations is less than about 200 Hz under dynamic composite stress states. It is found that the polarization fluctuations of the optical fiber submarine cable coupling linearly change with periodic variable tensile forces. Also, it is confirmed that the power spectra of polarization fluctuations are less than 50 -60 Hz, and the maximum power spectra are between 5 and 10 Hz during the cable installation within a maximum cable tension of 18 kN (1.8 tons) and the cable laying speed of 3.5 knots, respectively.

Adaptive Filtering in Optical Coherent Flexible Bit-Rate Receivers in the Presence of State-of-Polarization Transients and Colored Noise

“…Temperature and other forces can also have an effect on SOP in fiber cables. For example, deep sea cables experience mean SOP variations of 200 Hz, [15], while the mean SOP rate of change is 50 Hz in submarine cables, as shown in [15]. e authors of [16] found that the rate of SOP change is correlated to variations in ambient temperature.…”

Polarization measurements on single-mode fibers

“…Finally, a recent work describing the SOP fluctuation characteristics of a fiber undersea cable (80 km long at a depth of 8000 m), has been published [44]. Fig.…”

Adaptive frequency-domain equalization for the transmission of the fundamental mode in a few-mode fiber

“…It should be noted that in a practical environment, the speed of temporal variation of the mode coupling characteristics in the fiber is much lower than the symbol rate. As a reference, for a submarine fiber cable, polarization fluctuation frequency is less than 200Hz [10] while the proposed filters are adapted at tens of GHz. Therefore, temporal variations of mode coupling can be tracked by the adaptive equalizer described here.…”