Dynamic Modeling of Floating Offshore Airborne Wind Energy Converters

Cherubini, Antonello; Moretti, Giacomo; Fontana, Marco

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1947-0_7

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Rigid wings are based on traditional airplane design knowledge. Planes with rigid wings can drive ground generators, but the planes can also be implemented with generators on board [16]. They also offer higher aerodynamic efficiency than soft wings and can therefore deliver more power.…”

Section: Rigid Wing Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominant Designs for Wings of Airborne Wind Energy Systems

et al. 2022

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This paper focuses on the design of the wings used in airborne wind energy systems. At the moment, two different designs are being developed: soft wings and rigid wings. This paper aimed to establish which of the two alternative design choices has the highest chance of dominance and which factors affect that. We treated this problem as a battle for a dominant design, of which the outcome can be explained by factors for technology dominance. The objective was to find weights for the factors for technology dominance for this specific case. This was accomplished by applying the best worst method (BWM). The results are based on literature research and interviews with experts from different backgrounds. It was found that the factors of technological superiority, learning orientation and flexibility are the most important for this case. In addition, it appeared that both designs still have a chance to win the battle.

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Section: Rigid Wing Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominant Designs for Wings of Airborne Wind Energy Systems

et al. 2022

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“…Second, the AWE literature assumes that public responses would be more favourable for offshore deployment because visual and acoustic impacts are thought to be less disturbing to the public than onshore [52,[82][83][84]. While there is some evidence that the public prefers offshore wind turbines, preferences depend on additional factors, such as distance to the coast and potential offshore wind sites [85].…”

Section: Siting Of Awe Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, potential negative or positive impacts on tourism, marine wildlife, the fishing industry, and the recreational activity sector (i.e., boating, yachting, surfing, fishing) are often discussed [42,86,87]. It should be noted that the AWE industry is planning to develop floating offshore plants, which have less of an impact on marine wildlife [11,83,88]. Therefore, it remains to be seen whether public responses differ between on-and offshore AWE developments and, if so, why.…”

Section: Siting Of Awe Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the literature is very optimistic about how people will perceive AWE's visual, acoustic, and ecological impacts, which has led some authors to confidently conclude that the public would prefer AWE over wind turbines. Yet, some authors also recognize that AWE could trigger social resistance [82,83] and that understanding public responses is, therefore, key for the deployment of the technology [52,[91][92][93]. It has even been suggested that the commercialization of AWE depends on creating a positive public vision of the technology [94].…”

Section: Summary Of the Findings From The Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public Responses to Airborne Wind Energy: A Literature Review

Schmidt

Vries

Renes

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Airborne wind energy (AWE) systems use tethered flying devices to harvest higher-altitude winds to produce electricity. For a successful deployment of these systems, it is crucial to understand how the public perceives them. If public concerns about the technology are not taken seriously, implementation could be delayed or, in some cases, prevented, resulting in increased costs for project developers and a lower contribution of the sector to renewable energy targets. This literature review assessed the current state of knowledge on public responses to AWE. An exhaustive literature search led to the identification of 40 relevant publications that were reviewed. The literature assumed that the safety, visibility, acoustic emissions, ecological impacts, and the siting of AWE systems shape public responses to the technology. The reviewed literature views people’s responses to AWE very optimistically but lacks scientific evidence to back up its claims. It seems to overlook that the influence of AWE’s characteristics (e.g., visibility) on public responses will also depend on a range of situational and psychological factors (e.g., people’s general attitude towards AWE, the public’s trust in project developers). Therefore, empirical social scientific research is needed to increase the field’s understanding of public responses to AWE and thereby facilitate deployment.

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“…Of particular interest are deep‐sea applications because a tower is in principle not needed for the operation of the system. The tether attaches to the ground station at sea level, which substantially reduces the structural loads and thus also the required material . The lower material effort, the increased capacity factor, and the access to a so far unused wind resource render AWE a potential cornerstone in a future low‐carbon energy economy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving reliability and safety of airborne wind energy systems

Salma

Friedl²,

Schmehl

2019

Wind Energy

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Airborne wind energy systems use tethered flying devices to harvest wind energy beyond the height range accessible to tower-based wind turbines. Current commercial prototypes have reached power ratings of up to several hundred kilowatts, and companies are aiming at long-term operation in relevant environments. As consequence, system reliability, operational robustness, and safety have become crucially important aspects of system development. In this study, we analyze the reliability and safety of a 100-kW technology development platform with the objective of achieving continuous automatic operation. We first outline the different components of the kite power system and its operational modes. In the next step, we identify failure modes, their causes, and effects by means of failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and fault tree analysis (FTA). Potentially hazardous situations and mechanisms which can render the system nonoperational are identified, and mitigation measures are proposed. We find that the majority of these measures can be performed by a failure detection, isolation, and recovery (FDIR) system for which we present a hierarchical architecture adapted from space industry. KEYWORDS airborne wind energy, fault detection, fault isolation, fault recovery, FDIR, FMEA, FTA, health monitoring, kite power, reliability, safety INTRODUCTIONThe increasing need for renewable energy has led to a widespread deployment of wind turbines: initially, only on-shore, but for more than a decade, also off-shore. 1 The trend goes to ever larger turbines with increasing capacity factors because the wind power density generally increases with the distance from the ground, as a result of the wind shear. 2 On the other hand, the cost of larger structures scales unfavorably with a square-cube law and modern wind turbines are approaching an economically feasible size limit. 3 Airborne wind energy (AWE) systems, on the other hand, use tethered flying devices to harvest wind energy beyond the height range accessible to tower-based turbines. 4,5 The use of a tether allows the harvesting height to be adjusted continuously to optimize the availability of the wind resource. Compared with harvesting at the fixed hub height of wind turbines, the wind power that is available 95% of the time increases roughly by a factor of two. 6 Of particular interest are deep-sea applications because a tower is in principle not needed for the operation of the system. The tether attaches to the ground station at sea level, which substantially reduces the structural loads and thus also the required material. 7,8 The lower material effort, the increased capacity factor, and the access to a so far unused wind resource render AWE a potential cornerstone in a future low-carbon energy economy.However, the technology is operationally more complex than conventional wind turbines. Most implemented concepts rely on aerodynamic lift, and the tethered flying devices can thus not be stopped immediately when unexpected wind conditions or system failures occur. Exact...

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Dynamic Modeling of Floating Offshore Airborne Wind Energy Converters

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Dominant Designs for Wings of Airborne Wind Energy Systems

Dominant Designs for Wings of Airborne Wind Energy Systems

Public Responses to Airborne Wind Energy: A Literature Review

Improving reliability and safety of airborne wind energy systems

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