Dynamic Model of Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Process Based on Multizone Reaction Kinetics: Modeling of Manganese Removal

Rout, Bapin Kumar; Brooks, Geoffrey; Rhamdhani, M. Akbar; Li, Zushu; Schrama, Frank N. H.; Knoop, W. van der

doi:10.1007/s11663-018-1306-8

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The studies have shown at which levels of carbon and the time period a slag may maintain its lower density state before it is likely to begin decent back into the bulk bath. [64,[77][78][79][80] Due to the size of the specimens being studied and the capabilities of the setups, there has been a limitation in the visual output due to the metallic phase scattering X-ray and significant mobility within the samples. To improve the understanding, the present authors have taken an approach to fine-tune these trials to produce clearer images to inform high-accuracy quantitative evaluations of the decarburization for improving understanding and application to fundamentally driven dynamic process models.…”

Section: Gas Phase Production Effects On Free Steel Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden Phenomena During Transient Reaction Trajectories in Liquid Metals Processing

Spooner

Sridhar

2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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The transient trajectory taken for a system striving toward equilibration has consequences on the rate of processes and on the chemical and physical state of products in metallurgical processes. A case study approach to recent advancements in liquid steel processing is given. A combination of techniques and knowledge developed is given as a targeted showcase of the authors' contributions to the understanding of liquid metal droplet reactions and their contribution to the large-scale production processes within the steel industry. Examples relevant to novel ironmaking technologies, oxygen steelmaking, ladle metallurgy, and continuous casting are discussed, showing the range of processes that benefit from greater understanding in this area. This article considers specifically the reaction of liquid ferrous droplets, immersed in molten oxides, involving key alloying components, including phosphorus, aluminum, and carbon. The studies use high-temperature-confocal scanning laser microscopy (HT-CSLM), X-ray computed tomography (XCT), phase-field modeling, and in situ limited angle X-ray imaging. These techniques have seen significant development over recent years, and the combination of these powerful tools reveals the occurrence of spontaneous emulsification driven by chemical reaction (in the case of oxygen/phosphorus/aluminum reactions) and gas-phase formation (in the case of decarburization) both internally and externally to a steel droplet. A key finding is that the interfacial area pertinent for the heterogenous reactions to occur changes considerably (by up to an order of magnitude) depending on the chemical driving force. Additional key findings include the shift between preferential internal and external gas nucleation during decarburization, an inflection point of behavior as to whether or not spontaneous emulsification will occur (within the study discussed, this is between 3 and 4 wt pct Al) and the pathway of perturbation growth through which spontaneous emulsification occurs, including the physical maxima a perturbation will grow to before breaking away from the parent droplet.

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Section: Gas Phase Production Effects On Free Steel Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden Phenomena During Transient Reaction Trajectories in Liquid Metals Processing

Spooner

Sridhar

2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…In addition, the oxygen partial pressure in BOF slags may not be homogeneous, especially in view of it being a top blowing process: Slag regions surrounding the hot spot (where oxygen gas is in direct contact with the metal bath) may have a higher p(O 2 ) than those in contact with a CO‐containing gas phase (product of the decarburization reaction). Some works considered that the p(O 2 ) in slag regions surrounding the hot spot may reach values as high as 1 atm …”

Section: Discussion Of Ternary Oxide Systems Relevant To Bof Slagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the State of Industrial P₂O₅‐Containing Slags Relevant to Steelmaking Processes Based on a New Thermodynamic Database Developed for CaO–FeO_x–P₂O₅–SiO₂–MnO–MgO–Al₂O₃ Slags − Part I: Ternary and Lower Order Systems

Khadhraoui

Hack

Jantzen

et al. 2019

steel research int.

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During oxygen refining of steel, the slag undergoes large variations in terms of its composition, temperature, and oxygen partial pressure. This paper presents a study of the state of CaO-FeO x -P 2 O 5 and CaO-FeO x -SiO 2 based slags under various process conditions by means of thermodynamic calculations using a newly developed thermodynamic database. The database is developed in the scope of the European project BOF DePhos (RFSR-CT-2014-00005) for the purpose of investigating different thermodynamic aspects of phosphorous containing steelmaking slags in the composition, temperature, and oxygen partial pressure ranges relevant for the industrial process. The non-ideal associate solution model is used for the description of the Gibbs energy of the liquid phase and the compound energy formalism (CEF) for the description of the Gibbs energy of the solid solution phases. By means of coupling the thermodynamic database to the Software FactSage TM , the state of the quasi-ternary oxide systems CaO-FeO x -P 2 O 5 and CaO-FeO x -SiO 2 systems relevant to low and high phosphorus refining processes, respectively, is investigated. The results of the calculations are compared with reported experimental data in the literature and indicate that the incorporation of the effect of oxygen partial pressure p(O 2 ), and thus that of the oxidation state of FeO x , is crucial for a proper modeling and assessment of the state of industrial BOF slags. With an increase in p(O 2 ), a considerable increase in lime saturation for both quasi-ternary systems is observed and a shrinkage in the silicate saturation regions for the CaO-FeO x -SiO 2 system occurs. The consequences of the findings for the industrial process are discussed. Mathematical descriptions of the dependency of lime saturation on temperature and oxidation state of FeO x in the ternary systems are provided.

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“…The details of the development of the global model and its validation with the industrial data are presented in this paper, while the kinetic models of decarburization and demanganisation are described in separate papers. [20,21]…”

Section: Figure 1: Schematic Representation Of Reactions In Bof Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25,26] The detail mathematical model for C, Si and Mn oxidation kinetics in jet impact zone can be found elsewhere. [20,21,27] The interfacial area was assumed to be the area of the cavity created by the top jet. The surface area of the jet impact was considered to be paraboloid in shape [28] and was calculated as a function of lance height and oxygen flow rate.…”

Section: Jet Impact Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Model of Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Process Based on Multi-zone Reaction Kinetics: Model Derivation and Validation

Rout

Brooks

Rhamdhani

et al. 2018

Metall Mater Trans B

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Dynamic Model of Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Process Based on Multizone Reaction Kinetics: Modeling of Manganese Removal

Abstract: Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a published version is known of, the repository item page linked to above, will contain details on accessing it.

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Hidden Phenomena During Transient Reaction Trajectories in Liquid Metals Processing

Hidden Phenomena During Transient Reaction Trajectories in Liquid Metals Processing

Study of the State of Industrial P₂O₅‐Containing Slags Relevant to Steelmaking Processes Based on a New Thermodynamic Database Developed for CaO–FeO_x–P₂O₅–SiO₂–MnO–MgO–Al₂O₃ Slags − Part I: Ternary and Lower Order Systems

Dynamic Model of Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Process Based on Multi-zone Reaction Kinetics: Model Derivation and Validation

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Dynamic Model of Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Process Based on Multizone Reaction Kinetics: Modeling of Manganese Removal

Abstract: Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a published version is known of, the repository item page linked to above, will contain details on accessing it.

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Hidden Phenomena During Transient Reaction Trajectories in Liquid Metals Processing

Hidden Phenomena During Transient Reaction Trajectories in Liquid Metals Processing

Study of the State of Industrial P2O5‐Containing Slags Relevant to Steelmaking Processes Based on a New Thermodynamic Database Developed for CaO–FeOx–P2O5–SiO2–MnO–MgO–Al2O3 Slags − Part I: Ternary and Lower Order Systems

Dynamic Model of Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Process Based on Multi-zone Reaction Kinetics: Model Derivation and Validation

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Study of the State of Industrial P₂O₅‐Containing Slags Relevant to Steelmaking Processes Based on a New Thermodynamic Database Developed for CaO–FeO_x–P₂O₅–SiO₂–MnO–MgO–Al₂O₃ Slags − Part I: Ternary and Lower Order Systems