Dynamic Measurement of the Absolute Voltage Angle on Long Transmission Lines

Phasor measurement units, WAMS, and their applications in protection and control of power systems

“…To achieve a common timing reference for the synchrophasor acquisition process, it is essential to have a source of accurate timing signals. In early 1980s, LORAN-C, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) satellite transmissions, and the HBG radio transmissions in Europe [1][2][3] were used to obtain synchronization of reference time at different locations in a power system. The next available positive-going zero-crossing of a phase voltage was used to estimate the local phase angle with respect to the time reference.…”

The OpenPMU Platform for Open-Source Phasor Measurements

“…The measurement of voltage phase angles using synchronized clocks for power system applications dates back to the early 1980's when measurements of voltage phase angles were carried out between Montreal and SEPT-ILES [10], [11], and parallel efforts by Bonanomi in 1981 [12].…”

Wide‐area voltage control system of flexible AC transmission system devices to prevent voltage collapse

“…Similarly, the engineers and researchers from Hydro-Québec have been actively developing and probing new ideas for wide-area measurement and control applications for several years. Innovative techniques for synchronised phase angle and frequency measurement were developed in the 1980s and a WAMS based on PM units (PMUs) was commissioned in 2004 for global positioning system (GPS)synchronised angle, frequency and harmonic distortion measurements [7,8]. New approaches for wide-area control of power-system oscillation damping and voltage stability using PM technology have also been elaborated in many utilities around the world along with original special protection schemes (SPSs) solutions [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”