Dynamic Hosts for High-Performance Li–S Batteries Studied by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy and in Situ X-ray Diffraction

Liu, Xiaochen; Yang, Yao; Wu, Jingjie; Liu, Miao; Zhou, Sophia P.; Levin, Benjamin; Zhou, Xiao‐Dong; Cong, Hengjiang; Muller, David A.; Ajayan, Pulickel M.; Abruña, Héctor D.; Ke, Fu‐Sheng

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00561

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Liu et al also studied TiS behaviors in Li–S batteries using cryo‐TEM. The results proved that Li x TiS 2 attracts polysulfides and catalytically decomposes Li 2 S . Yuan et al used in situ TEM to explore how graphene–S composite structures can boost Li–S battery performance …”

Section: Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

et al. 2019

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replacing gasoline, diesel, or other types of fuels with electricity, it is expected that our world will become more environmentally friendly by storing energy directly from sustainable sources, such as solar, wind, geothermal, bioenergy, and the ocean. Even Australia, as a country with abundant energy resources, has identified energy as one of the key scientific research priorities. It is clear that the efficiency of energy harvesting and consumption must be improved, emissions must be reduced, and the integration of various energy sources into the electricity grid and chemical storage must be implemented. A desirable outlook is one with a variety of energy sources and mechanisms that significantly reduces carbon emissions and is economical for consumers and society. Recent fast-growing research should boost the development of reliable, highly efficient, low-cost, and sustainable energy materials that are effective for new technologies and that satisfy the growing demand for energy storage and climate change solutions.The progress in energy materials is indeed significant, however, as the expectations of energy materials research are always quite high, it is not sufficient. Particularly, the material performances are always theoretically predicted but are limited by the underlying mechanisms in real applications. As a wellknown example, silicon is expected to deliver a high theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh g −1 in the form of Li 4.4 Si, and is thought to replace the currently commercial graphite with a capacity of 372 mAh g −1 . However, in real applications, it is found that Si exhibits more than 360% of volume expansion during lithiation, which leads to battery anode failure. In the last few years, TEM, especially in situ TEM, has provided exceptional advantages in investigating the lithiation process of silicon anodes: direct imaging, full crystallography information, and real-time recording have all become possible. By directly observing the charge/discharge processes of Si anodes, the dynamics of expansion have been well understood. The research has then been focused on structural designs of composites containing Si to overcome the expansion. The Si composites (for instance, carbon-wrapped Si nanoparticles with different sizes) were directly analyzed by in situ TEM to determine the best structural design. [12] From 2012, in situ TEM became an essential tool to review and evaluate structural designs for high-capacity anodes with significant volume expansions. The same scenarios apply to similar research topics. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is one of the most powerfulapproaches for revealing physical and chemical process dynamics at atomic resolutions. The most recent developments for in situ TEM techniques are summarized; in particular, how they enable visualization of various events, measure properties, and solve problems in the field of energy by revealing detailed mechanisms at the nanoscale. Related applications include rechargeable batteries such as Li-ion, Na-ion, Li-O 2 , Na-O 2 , Li...

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Section: Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

et al. 2019

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“…in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and cryogenic TEM were performed. The characterizations performed allowed authors to conclude that instead of TiS 2 , Li x TiS 2 (0< x ≤1) is the species in charge of immobilizing the polysulfides, as well as to decompose Li 2 S . The authors also present DFT calculations and propose a reaction mechanism at work.…”

Section: Energy Storage Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TMDs beyond MoS₂ for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Soares

Mukherjee

Singh

2020

Chemistry A European J

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Atomically thin sheets of two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted interest as high capacity electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices owing to their unique properties (high surface area, high strength and modulus, faster ion diffusion, and so on), which arise from their layered morphology and diversified chemistry. Nevertheless, low electronic conductivity, poor cycling stability, large structural changes during metal‐ion insertion/extraction along with high cost of manufacture are challenges that require further research in order for TMDs to find use in commercial batteries and supercapacitors. Here, a systematic review of cutting‐edge research focused on TMD materials beyond the widely studied molybdenum disulfide or MoS2 electrode is reported. Accordingly, a critical overview of the recent progress concerning synthesis methods, physicochemical and electrochemical properties is given. Trends and opportunities that may contribute to state‐of‐the‐art research are also discussed.

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“…[43] In a sharp contrast, TiS 2 @NSC based cell exhibits not only a lower overpotential, but also a decreasing overpotential during the prolonged cycles. [46] In this regard, the electrochemical performance of batteries using the pure TiS 2 @NSC, NSC/ TiS 2 -C, and NSC as cathodes were tested. This was further confirmed by the postmortem of the cycled cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, all the three strongest TiS 2 peaks (15.10°, 6.93°, 19.34°, JCPDS no. [46] Thus, Li x TiS 2 /TiS 2 dynamically fulfill the role of immobilizing LiPSs, promoting the liquid-solid reduction and solid-liquid oxidation ( Figure S15d, Supporting Information). The low crystallinity of the ultrathin TiS 2 @NSC nanosheets and the homogeneously distributed high content sulfur (70 wt%) on the TiS 2 @NSC surface make it difficult to distinguish TiS 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandwich‐Like Ultrathin TiS₂ Nanosheets Confined within N, S Codoped Porous Carbon as an Effective Polysulfide Promoter in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

Huang

Tang

Luo

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

209

112

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lithium-sulfur, sodium-, magnesium-, and aluminum-based batteries. [2] Among these competitors, lithium-sulfur battery (LSB) is a promising candidate since the earth-abundant sulfur has a high theoretical capacity of 1675 mAh g −1 and LSB provides a high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg −1 or 2800 Wh l −1 . [3] Nevertheless, the practical application of LSB is still limited by the poor electric/ionic conductivity of sulfur and the "shuttle effect" caused by the dissolution and diffusion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), resulting in an uncompetitive capacity, rate performance, and cycling life. [4] To address these issues, intensive studies have been done, such as cathode design, separator modification, electrolyte optimization, and anode protection. [5] LiPSs immobilization and LiPSs ↔ Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S conversion acceleration are two major considerations for LSB cathode design. [6] The anchoring and catalyzing effect of various candidates (such as metal oxides/sulfide/nitride) have been investigated by first principle calculations [7] or quantitative adsorption experiments. [8] Although some species show strong chemical interactions with LiPSs or effective catalysis on the conversion reaction, battery performances have been largely restrained by the poor electronic/ionic conductivity As the lightest member of transition metal dichalcogenides, 2D titanium disulfide (2D TiS 2 ) nanosheets are attractive for energy storage and conversion. However, reliable and controllable synthesis of single-to few-layered TiS 2 nanosheets is challenging due to the strong tendency of stacking and oxidation of ultrathin TiS 2 nanosheets. This study reports for the first time the successful conversion of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene to sandwich-like ultrathin TiS 2 nanosheets confined by N, S co-doped porous carbon (TiS 2 @NSC) via an in situ polydopamine-assisted sulfuration process. When used as a sulfur host in lithium-sulfur batteries, TiS 2 @NSC shows both high trapping capability for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and remarkable electrocatalytic activity for LiPSs reduction and lithium sulfide oxidation. A freestanding sulfur cathode integrating TiS 2 @NSC with cotton-derived carbon fibers delivers a high areal capacity of 5.9 mAh cm −2 after 100 cycles at 0.1 C with a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio and a high sulfur loading of 7.7 mg cm −2 , placing TiS 2 @NSC one of the best LiPSs adsorbents and sulfur conversion catalysts reported to date. The developed nanospace-confined strategy will shed light on the rational design and structural engineering of metal sulfides based nanoarchitectures for diverse applications.

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Dynamic Hosts for High-Performance Li–S Batteries Studied by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy and in Situ X-ray Diffraction

Cited by 53 publications

References 47 publications

Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

TMDs beyond MoS₂ for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Sandwich‐Like Ultrathin TiS₂ Nanosheets Confined within N, S Codoped Porous Carbon as an Effective Polysulfide Promoter in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

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Dynamic Hosts for High-Performance Li–S Batteries Studied by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy and in Situ X-ray Diffraction

Cited by 53 publications

References 47 publications

Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

TMDs beyond MoS2 for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Sandwich‐Like Ultrathin TiS2 Nanosheets Confined within N, S Codoped Porous Carbon as an Effective Polysulfide Promoter in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

TMDs beyond MoS₂ for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Sandwich‐Like Ultrathin TiS₂ Nanosheets Confined within N, S Codoped Porous Carbon as an Effective Polysulfide Promoter in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries