“…RT and -60C data were used for FE simulations. Dynamic flow stresses were estimated using the static flow stresses derived from experiments and the prediction formula by Choung et al (2013). Six levels of strain rate hardening were produced: static, 1/s, 10/s, 100/s, 1000/s, and 5000/s, which were used as inputs in dynamic-bending test simulations.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(3) depicts the DHF of the Cowper-Symonds equation. Choung et al (2013) conducted high-speed tensile tests at various strain rates and temperatures (RT, +200C, and -60C) for API 2W50, DH36, and EH36 marine structural steels. They proposed a material constant D of the Cowper-Symonds equation, and fixed the other constant p =5.0.…”
This paper provides theoretical and experimental results to verify the crashworthiness of FH32 high-strength steel for arctic marine structures against ice impact. Assuming that side-shell structures of the Korean arctic research vessel, ARAON, with ice-notation PL10, collide with sheet ice, one-third-scale test specimens with a single transverse frame are manufactured. Impact-bending tests were conducted using a rigid steel striker that mimics sheet ice. Drop height was calculated by considering the speed at which sheet ice is rammed. Prior to impactbending tests, tensile coupon tests were conducted at various temperatures. The impact-bending tests were carried out using test specimens fully fixed to the inside bottom frame of a cold chamber. The drop-weight velocity and test specimen deformation speed were measured using a high-speed camera and digital image correlation analysis (DICA). Numerical simulations were carried out under the same conditions as the impact-bending tests. The simulation results were in agreement with the test results, and strain rate was a key factor for the accuracy of numerical simulations.
“…RT and -60C data were used for FE simulations. Dynamic flow stresses were estimated using the static flow stresses derived from experiments and the prediction formula by Choung et al (2013). Six levels of strain rate hardening were produced: static, 1/s, 10/s, 100/s, 1000/s, and 5000/s, which were used as inputs in dynamic-bending test simulations.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(3) depicts the DHF of the Cowper-Symonds equation. Choung et al (2013) conducted high-speed tensile tests at various strain rates and temperatures (RT, +200C, and -60C) for API 2W50, DH36, and EH36 marine structural steels. They proposed a material constant D of the Cowper-Symonds equation, and fixed the other constant p =5.0.…”
This paper provides theoretical and experimental results to verify the crashworthiness of FH32 high-strength steel for arctic marine structures against ice impact. Assuming that side-shell structures of the Korean arctic research vessel, ARAON, with ice-notation PL10, collide with sheet ice, one-third-scale test specimens with a single transverse frame are manufactured. Impact-bending tests were conducted using a rigid steel striker that mimics sheet ice. Drop height was calculated by considering the speed at which sheet ice is rammed. Prior to impactbending tests, tensile coupon tests were conducted at various temperatures. The impact-bending tests were carried out using test specimens fully fixed to the inside bottom frame of a cold chamber. The drop-weight velocity and test specimen deformation speed were measured using a high-speed camera and digital image correlation analysis (DICA). Numerical simulations were carried out under the same conditions as the impact-bending tests. The simulation results were in agreement with the test results, and strain rate was a key factor for the accuracy of numerical simulations.
“…On the other hand, the increased stress level is believed to reduce steel ductility and trigger a possible transition from ductile to brittle fracture. However, recent experiments (Choung et al, 2013;Li and Chandra, 1999) have shown that the elongation at fracture could either increase with higher strain rates or not have an obvious dependence. This was, however, for tension coupon specimens that did not include cracks/weld defects.…”
Section: Modelling Materials Behavior and Fracturementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cowper and Symonds (1957) Jones (1989) stated that the C parameter should be linearly dependent on plastic strains, whereas Choung et al (2013) suggested to relate it to the plastic strain squared. showed that calibrations based on initial yield stress would overestimate collision resistance significantly and suggested calibrating the model to the plastic flow stress.…”
Section: Modelling Materials Behavior and Fracturementioning
Over the past decades, the offshore oil and gas industry has developed rapidly. A large number of offshore structures, notably jacket and jack-up platforms, were constructed and installed worldwide. As they are often exposed to safety threats from impacts by visiting vessels and dropped objects, there has been a continuous interest in understanding the impact mechanics of tubular structures and proposing practical design standards to protect from collisions. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art with respect to the response dynamics and mechanics of offshore tubular structures subjected to mass impacts, covering material modelling, ship impact loading, energy absorption in the ship and platform, global and local responses of tubular structures, the residual strengths of damaged tubular members and design considerations to mitigate against ship impacts. A wealth of information is available in the literature, and recent findings and classical references, which have a wide influence, are prioritized. The collected information is compared and discussed. The findings in this paper will help understand the impact response of offshore tubular structures and assessment procedures, and provide useful indications for future research.
“…The hardening is a function of both the strain rate and the level of plastic strain (see e.g. [11], [12]); the initial effect on dynamic yield stress is significantly larger than the effect on dynamic flow stress after finite plastic straining. Many investigators report values for the rate effect on the initial yield stress but use these data for large plastic strains, which is nonconservative as it overestimates the hardening.…”
Section: Materials Strength and Plastic Hardeningmentioning
Evaluation of the nonlinear structural response of any structure is a challenging task; a range of input parameters are needed, most of which has significant statistical variability and the evaluations require a high degree of craftsmanship. Hence, high demands are set forth both to the analyst and the body in charge of verification of the results. Recent efforts by DNVGL attempts to mitigate this with the second edition of the DNVGL-RP-C208 for determination of nonlinear structural response, in which guidance or requirements are given on many of the challenging aspects. This paper discuss the various challenges and the direction to which the RP-C208 points compared to published research. Parameters affecting the plastic hardening, strain-rate effects and ductile fracture are discussed separately. Then, the combined effect of the range of assumptions is evaluated to assess the resulting level of safety.
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