Dynamic frequency change influences loudness perception: A central, analytic process.

Neuhoff, John G.; McBeath, Michael K.; Wanzie, Walter C.

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.25.4.1050

Cited by 42 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Researchers typically argue that pitch and loudness interact because they occur together in a way that makes it efficient to process them holistically (Garner, 1974;Grau & Kemler-Nelson, 1988) or because the context created by one dimension influences perception in the other (Melara et al, 1993;Neuhoff et al, 1999). We suggest that, in nature, there is a reliable correlation and near-invariant relationship between changes in intensity and frequency.…”

Section: Interacting Pitch and Loudnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neuhoff et al (1999) found that continuous frequency change in one ear could influence continuous loudness change in the contralateral ear. A similar process may be responsible for the influence of continuousintensity change on pitch.…”

Section: Interacting Pitch and Loudnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, listeners tend to report rising pitch as the source approaches. Veridical perception of frequency change on source approach would require listeners to selectively attend to frequency change while ignoring changes in intensity, a task that, at best, is subject to cross-dimensional influence between pitch and loudness (Melara, Marks, & Potts, 1993;Neuhoff & McBeath, 1996;Neuhoff, McBeath, & Wanzie, 1999) and one that some researchers have argued is impossible (Grau & Kemler-Nelson, 1988). Furthermore, accurately perceiving frequency change on approach would provide little information about the arrival time of the source, because at the point of closest passage, frequency change is in the middle of a rapid downward sweep (see Figure 1).…”

Section: The Doppler Effect and Source Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Doppler effect is not what you think it is: Dramatic pitch change due to dynamic intensity change

McBeath

Neuhoff

2002

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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Section: Interacting Pitch and Loudnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interacting Pitch and Loudnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Doppler Effect and Source Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Doppler effect is not what you think it is: Dramatic pitch change due to dynamic intensity change

McBeath

Neuhoff

2002

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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“…The perception of loudness involves central processes (Neuhoff et al, 1999) and the neural transmission may be affected by efferent control mechanisms (Stenfelt et al, 2009). For example, it has been shown that the auditory evoked amplitude of the neural activity in the 19 brainstem is modulated by the cognitive load (Sörqvist et al, 2012).…”

Section: Efferent Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loudness functions with air and bone conduction stimulation in normal-hearing subjects using a categorical loudness scaling procedure

Stenfelt

Zeitooni

2013

Hearing Research

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Loudness functions with air and bone conduction stimulation in normal-hearing subjects using a categorical loudness scaling procedure, 2013, Hearing Research, (301) AbstractIn a previous study (Stenfelt et al., 2002) a loudness balance test between bone conducted (BC) sound and air conducted (AC) sound was performed at frequencies between 0.25 and 4 kHz and at levels corresponding to 30 to 80 dB HL. The main outcome of that study was that for maintaining equal loudness, the level increase of sound with BC stimulation was less than that of AC stimulation with a ratio between 0.8 and 0.93 dB/dB. However, because it was shown that AC and BC tone cancellation was independent of the stimulation level, the loudness level difference did not originate in differences in basilar membrane stimulation. Therefore, it was speculated that the result could be due to the loudness estimation procedure. To investigate this further, another loudness estimation method (adaptive categorical loudness scaling) was here employed in 20 normal-hearing subjects.The loudness of a low-frequency and a high-frequency noise burst was estimated using the adaptive categorical loudness scaling technique when the stimulation was bilaterally by AC or BC. The sounds where rated on an 11-point scale between inaudible and too loud. The total dynamic range for these sounds was over 80 dB when presented by AC (between inaudible and too loud) and the loudness functions were similar for the low and the high-frequency stimulation. When the stimulation was by BC the loudness functions were steeper and the ratios between the slopes of the AC and BC loudness functions were 0.88 for the low-frequency sound and 0.92 for the high-frequency sound.These results were almost equal to the previous published results using the equal loudness estimation procedure, and it was unlikely that the outcome stems from the loudness estimation procedure itself. One possible mechanism for the result was loudness integration of multi-sensory input. However, no conclusive evidence for such a mechanism could be given by the present study.Keywords: Bone conduction, loudness, categorical loudness scaling, multi-sensory integration.3 Highlights• The loudness function was steeper when stimulation was by BC than by AC• The difference between the loudness function slopes was greatest at low frequencies• The average ratios between AC and BC loudness function slopes were between 0.88 and 0.92• The difference between the AC and BC loudness functions were found at both low and high intensities.

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“…Listeners presented with rising or falling frequency sweeps with a constant intensity will perceive an illusory increase or decrease in loudness, respectively (Neuhoff, McBeath, & Wanzie, 1999). It is important to note that rising frequency change affects illusory loudness judgments greater than falling frequency change; that is, human subjects show a bias toward rising versus falling frequency, possibly because the former is perceived as an increase in loudness and thus a looming sound source (Neuhoff & McBeath, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) hear rising frequency sounds as looming.

Ghazanfar¹,

Maier²

2009

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Rising sound intensity provides an important cue for the detection of looming objects. Studies with humans indirectly suggest that rising pitch can also signal a looming object. This link between rising intensity and rising frequency is puzzling because no physical rise in frequency occurs when a sound source approaches. Putative explanations include (a) the idea that the loudness of sound depends on its frequency, (b) the frequent co-occurrence of rising intensity with rising frequency in vocalizations generates an association between the 2 features, and (c) auditory neurons process amplitude-and frequency-modulated sounds similarly. If these hypotheses are valid, then rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)-which share some homologies in the vocal production apparatus and auditory system-should also associate rising frequency with rising intensity, and thus should perceive rising frequency as a looming sound source. A head-turning assay and a preferential-looking paradigm revealed that monkeys show an attentional bias toward rising versus falling frequency sounds and link the former to visual looming signals. This suggests that monkeys hear a rising frequency sound as a looming sound source even though, in the real world, no such link exists.

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Dynamic frequency change influences loudness perception: A central, analytic process.

Cited by 42 publications

References 39 publications

The Doppler effect is not what you think it is: Dramatic pitch change due to dynamic intensity change

The Doppler effect is not what you think it is: Dramatic pitch change due to dynamic intensity change

Loudness functions with air and bone conduction stimulation in normal-hearing subjects using a categorical loudness scaling procedure

Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) hear rising frequency sounds as looming.

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