“…Lower uncertainty has been shown to be associated with shorter words, syllables and segments (Aylett and Turk, 2004 ; Cohen Priva, 2015 ) and more centralized vowels (Wright, 2004 ; Aylett and Turk, 2006 ; Munson, 2007 ; Malisz et al, 2018 ; Brandt et al, 2019 ). This has been demonstrated by studies that operationalized uncertainty by means of word frequency (Wright, 1979 , 2004 ; Fosler-Lussier and Morgan, 1999 ; Bybee, 2002 ), conditional probability (Jurafsky et al, 2001a , b ; Aylett and Turk, 2004 ; Bell et al, 2009 ), or informativity (Cohen Priva, 2015 ; Schulz et al, 2016 ; Malisz et al, 2018 ; Brandt et al, 2019 , 2021 ). Aylett and Turk ( 2004 , 2006 )'s Smooth Signal Redundancy Hypothesis explains these reduction phenomena from an information theoretic perspective (Shannon, 1948 ), arguing that the amount of information in the speech signal is balanced against the amount of information conveyed at the syntagmatic level.…”