“…A key challenge remains the reduction of emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) which are produced during combustion procedures. In order to fulfill with more constraining Europeans emissions standards, automakers innovate in new technologies: such like the post-treatment of Exhaust Particulate Filters (DPF), multiple injection system, common rail injection system [6], Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) technique [4], [3], [10], [1], [14] and Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) system [4], [3], [10], [1], [14].…”