“…For example, Model-Based Process Control (MBPC), virtual metrology, virtual sensing, sensor fusion, and model-based PdM are technologies commonly used in manufacturing today that align with most of the DT properties listed above to achieve an objective such as increase availability and efficiency of equipment, extend useful life, and reduce life cycle cost [26], [27], [28], [11], [29], [30]. DTs are used today in many industrial areas such as product design, production, and health monitoring [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41]. A summary review of many of these efforts is provided in [19].…”