Dynamic Equipment Workspace Generation for Improving Earthwork Safety Using Equipment Pose and State Data

Abstract

In the period between 1992 and 2002, struck by vehicles and struck by objects (e.g., vehicle parts, vehicle loads, or falling vehicles) were identified as the causes of 30% and 24% of deaths on excavations sites, respectively. It is therefore of a paramount importance to improve the safety of construction sites by increasing the peripheral awareness of the operators of earthwork equipment. The existing collision avoidance systems often detect collisions based on the workspaces that only account for the geometry and the degrees of freedom of the equipment, and thus disregard the job-site-andstate-dependent characteristics of equipment. This results in reserving a large space for every piece of equipment. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method for generating dynamic equipment workspaces based on the continuous monitoring of a spectrum of equipment-related information, i.e., the current pose/state of the equipment, and the speed characteristics of each movement. This method uses the required operation stoppage time to determine how much space needs to be reserved for each piece of equipment. A case study is conducted to validate the proposed method. It is shown that the proposed method has a strong potential in capturing the hazardous areas around the equipment and triggering warnings in view of the impending movements of various pieces of equipment.

Opposing influences on construction plant and machinery health and safety innovations

“…• improvement of operator protection from overturn, using optimally designed protective structures (Karliński et al, 2008); • machine "pose" estimation to help avoid excavator collisions (Feng et al, 2015); • radio-frequency identification for correct choice and safer use of excavator attachments (Rinneberg et al, 2015); • work environment analysis to design safer plant motion (Lei et al, 2014;Hammad et al, 2015, Vahdatikhaki andHammad 2015a;Zhang et al, 2015); • object tracking to mitigate machine contact incidents Caldas, 2010, 2012;Vahdatikhaki and Hammad, 2015b); • proximity detection for avoidance of "struck-by" incidents (Teizer et al, 2010(Teizer et al, , 2015Teizer, 2015aTeizer, , 2015b; and • electronic remote control for "autonomous" P&M (Yamamoto et al, 2009;Kang et al, 2013;Trung et al, 2013;Lee et al, 2015).…”