Dynamic design of green stormwater infrastructure

Traver, Robert G.; Ebrahimian, Ali

doi:10.1007/s11783-017-0973-z

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The results showed that GSIs are capable of reducing the peak runoff discharge from 0.01% to 63.2%, depending upon the ratio of the area of the GSI to the area of subbasin ( Figure 5). This is in line with the findings of Lord [53], and Traver and Ebrahimian [54].…”

Section: Effects Of Gsis On Runoff Reductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

A Generalized Automated Framework for Urban Runoff Modeling and Its Application at a Citywide Landscape

Hosseiny

Crimmins

Smith

et al. 2020

Water

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This research presents a fully automated framework for runoff estimation, applied to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a major urban area. Trends in global urbanization are exacerbating stormwater runoff, making it an increasingly critical challenge in urban areas. Understanding the fine-scale spatial distribution of local flooding is difficult due to the complexity of the urban landscape and lack of measured data, but it is critical for urban management and development. A one-meter resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used in conjunction with a model developed by using ArcGIS Pro software to create urban micro-subbasins. The DEM was manipulated to account for roof drainage and stormwater infrastructure, such as inlets. The generated micro-subbasins paired with 24-h storm data with a 10-year return period taken from the National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) for the Philadelphia area was used to estimate runoff. One-meter land-cover and land-use data were used to estimate pervious and impervious areas and the runoff coefficients for each subbasin. Peak runoff discharge and runoff depth for each subbasin were then estimated by the rational and modified rational methods and the NRCS method. The inundation depths from the NRCS method and the modified rational method models were compared and used to generate percent agreement, maximum, and average of inundation maps of Philadelphia. The outcome of this research provides a clear picture of the spatial likelihood of experiencing negative effects of excessive precipitation, useful for stormwater management agencies, city managers, and citizen.

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Section: Effects Of Gsis On Runoff Reductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

A Generalized Automated Framework for Urban Runoff Modeling and Its Application at a Citywide Landscape

Hosseiny

Crimmins

Smith

et al. 2020

Water

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“…This footprint area is twice the current footprint area (9.33 m 2 ) in order to maintain the planter height. However, if a dynamic sizing approach (i.e., considering infiltration during storms but still excluding overflow pipes) is adopted, the footprint area can be significantly reduced [27]. For projects that are constrained by budgets, having larger above-ground storage space and utilizing flood-tolerant plants is a possible alternative from building an overflow riser system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a Hydraulically Linked and Physically Decoupled Stormwater Control Measure (SCM) System with Potentially Heterogeneous Native Soil

Tu¹,

Traver²

2019

Water

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This study shows that a physically decoupled but hydraulically linked design focusing on surface infiltration components (i.e., excluding underdrain and infiltration bed systems) can be the preferred way to have a low-cost and robust stormwater control measure (SCM) system. The SCM under investigation in Philadelphia, PA, is a green infrastructure (GI) and has a mirrored design of two sets of hydraulically linked planters. Each planter has an overflow pipe connected to an underground infiltration bed. The system showed excellent overall performance as no overflow/bypass entering the combined sewer. A large variation of saturated hydraulic conductivity was found for the planter soil, and the planter with lower saturated hydraulic conductivity created surface runoff that overflows to the next planter in line. Due to the linked design, the unexpected deviation of performance of a single planter did not affect overall system performance. The infiltration bed showed great variation in water drawdown rate at different water depth, which could be caused by the possible high heterogeneity of the native soil. The study argued that overflow systems, which handled only about 18% of runoff in this study, can be replaced by slightly larger surface area for lower building cost, lower maintenance cost, and more reliable performance.

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“…The temperature‐related (seasonal) variation of soil hydraulic conductivity is a main factor and of utmost importance in understanding the dynamic performance of infiltration‐based GSI systems (Emerson & Traver, ; Traver & Ebrahimian, ; Wadzuk, Ebrahimian, & Traver, ; Ebrahimian, Sokolovskaya, & Wadzuk, ). For example, at a pervious concrete infiltration basin, Braga et al () found that there is a strong correlation between temperature in the rock bed and hydraulic conductivity, with a cyclical pattern of higher and lower infiltration rates occurring across the year concurrently with higher and lower temperatures in the infiltration bed (Figure ).…”

Section: Causes Of Temporal and Spatial Variability Of Field Ksatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial variation of infiltration in urban green infrastructure

Ebrahimian

Sample-Lord

Wadzuk

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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Infiltration is the primary mechanism in green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) systems to reduce the runoff volume from urbanized areas. Soil hydraulic conductivity is most important in influencing GSI infiltration rates. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) is a critical parameter for GSI design and post-construction performance. However, Ksat measurement in the field is problematic due to temporal and spatial variability and measurement errors. This review paper focuses on a comparison of methods for in-situ Ksat measurement and the causes of temporal and spatial variations of Ksat within GSI systems. Automated infiltration testing methods, such as the Modified Philip-Dunne (MPD) and SATURO infiltrometers, show promise for efficient Ksat measurements. Soil Ksat values can change over time and substantially vary throughout a GSI, which can be attributed to multiple factors, including but not limited to temperature changes, soil composition and properties, soil compaction level, plant root morphology and distribution, biological and macrofauna activities in the soil, inflow sediment characteristics, quality of infiltrating water, and measurement errors. There is evidence that infiltration rates in vegetated urban GSI systems are sustained given an appropriate GSI design, reasonable concentration of suspended sediments in the inflow runoff, and routine maintenance procedures.These observations indicate that clogging can be counteracted by processes that tend to increase the soil hydraulic conductivity (e.g., plant root and biological activities). This self-sustainability underlines that infiltration-based GSI systems are a reliable long-term stormwater management solution. Recommendations on how to incorporate the temporal changes of Ksat in GSI design and on obtaining a spatiallyrepresentative Ksat for the GSI design are presented. K E Y W O R D Sgreen infrastructure, hydraulic conductivity, infiltration, infiltrometer, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil, stormwater, urban areas

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Dynamic design of green stormwater infrastructure

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

A Generalized Automated Framework for Urban Runoff Modeling and Its Application at a Citywide Landscape

A Generalized Automated Framework for Urban Runoff Modeling and Its Application at a Citywide Landscape

Performance of a Hydraulically Linked and Physically Decoupled Stormwater Control Measure (SCM) System with Potentially Heterogeneous Native Soil

Temporal and spatial variation of infiltration in urban green infrastructure

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