Dynamic Deformations in Coordinate Measuring Arms Using Virtual Simulation

Abstract

This paper presents a study for assessing the dynamic structural deformations of one of the most modern, and portable, measurement equipment: the Coordinate Measuring Arms (CMAs or AACMMs). The study of the measurement errors derived from the use of these instruments is still controversial due to a certain lack of traceability and reliability in measurements due to the influence of the human factor acting on a complex 3D structure (with 6 or 7 degrees-of-freedom). When contact measurements are taken into account, the human factor variable originates non-uniform contact forces, lack of stability, different velocities and accelerations, among unpredictable probing trajectories. All these factors lead to conclude that in every manual measurement involving a CMA there is a structural dynamic deformation caused by the approach movement before probing a contact point as well as by the force exerted during probing. In order to determine the amplitude of this deformation and its distribution along the CMA structure a new methodology has been developed. Both depend on the followed trajectory and on the probing force amplitude and orientation. This work presents the methodology and steps required for the construction of the virtual simulation model. The method employs 3D modelling of all elements of the CMA structure, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software and multibody simulation techniques with flexible bodies. This set of software tools is nowadays capable of creating dynamic virtual models for the dynamic analysis of complex mechanisms (machines, vehicles…) in optimization tasks. The application of these tools supposes a novel approach to the study of the CMA metrological behaviour.

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