Dynamic CT Modeling Software – Benefits Delivered to the Bottomline

Yeung, John; Opel, Steve; Smalley, Ed; Leggett, Shawn

doi:10.2118/179073-ms

Day 2 Wed, March 23, 2016 2016

DOI: 10.2118/179073-ms

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Dynamic CT Modeling Software – Benefits Delivered to the Bottomline

John Yeung

Steve Opel²,

Ed Smalley³

et al.

Abstract: The horizontal well count increase during the past decade and associated surge in coiled tubing intervention services has prompted high-paced research into optimization of coiled tubing (CT) milling efficiency. One of the products produced by this research was a new, state-of-the-art, dynamic CT modeling software module that was aimed at increasing CT plug-milling efficiency in extended-reach wells. This dynamic CT modeling software was introduced last year (Yeung, J. et al. 2015) with the expectation that it … Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

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Reducing the Impact of Experience Gap and Increasing Service Delivery by Automating the Coiled Tubing Intervention

Aitken

Micheli

Ramsey

et al. 2017

Day 3 Wed, November 15, 2017

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The current coiled tubing (CT) industry as know is changing as a major service experience shift is being experienced; the generational crew-change is ongoing; the net result is a reliance on a smaller pool of qualified personnel. From a historical root-cause analysis across a variety of industries, we can contribute the human factor to more than 50% of Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) and service delivery incidents. The solution presented in this paper highlights mitigating this potential risk by introducing several degrees of automation into CT interventions. The foundation of the human-centered automation approach revolves around a software suite that incorporates pre-job modelling, real-time operational feedback, and active control of surface equipment during CT interventions. This approach updates operational parameters, to enhance safety and efficiency, and to increase the certainty of success. This paper describes the process of bringing together the pre-job simulation with well intervention operating limits and real-time data acquisition, resulting in an automated programmable logic controllers (PLC) driven intervention that can intervene if/when deviations from job design occur. Five case histories are reviewed, and the benefits confirmed during field operations are presented. These findings outline the versatility of the automated system, resulting in the predictability of successful operations for operators.

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Reducing the Impact of Experience Gap and Increasing Service Delivery by Automating the Coiled Tubing Intervention

Aitken

Micheli

Ramsey

et al. 2017

Day 3 Wed, November 15, 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Laboratory Evaluation of a Novel Metal Surface Treatment for Coiled Tubing Friction Reduction in Extended-Reach Wells

Elliott¹,

Livescu

Baker

et al. 2018

Day 1 Tue, March 27, 2018

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In the past few years, operators have been increasing the lateral lengths of horizontal wells to maximize the reservoir contact and production rates. However, the frictional forces between the coiled tubing (CT) and casing in those long lateral wells also increase, limiting the ability of conventional CT sizes to reach the end prior to lock-up occurring. Technologies such as lubricants, vibratory tools and tractors are usually used to extend the CT reach. However, the downhole performance of some of these friction-reducing technologies is sometimes unpredictable and inconsistent. In addition, with the current industry's trends to lower the overall intervention costs, lubricants may be considered too expensive in long laterals. This paper reports on the laboratory evaluation of the friction-reduction performance of a novel CT surface treatment. This surface treatment has been proven to be effective at reducing the frictional forces by altering the CT surface finish. After the treatment, the CT surface is smoother and has micron-size dimples that work as small reservoirs, preventing a lubricant from being easily washed off the CT surface. The new metal surface treatment was applied to several CT samples. The friction between the treated CT samples and various actual casing samples was studied in a laboratory on a linear friction apparatus. This instrument is specifically designed to measure the coefficients of friction between CT and casing at downhole conditions, such as with or without fluids relevant to coiled tubing operations and at temperatures as high as 100°C. Additionally, laboratory tests were performed to determine the ability of the treated and un-treated CT samples to retain lubricants when sliding on the casing surfaces. Currently, there are two main operational challenges of using lubricants for reducing the CT friction. First, to reduce the lubricant volume in long laterals, and therefore the intervention costs, many operators choose to pump lubricant slugs instead of pumping the lubricant continuously. However, most of the lubricant is consumed inside the CT, and only a small lubricant amount adheres to the outside CT and casing surfaces where the friction needs to be reduced. Secondly, even if the lubricant coats the outside CT surface, there is a risk of being quickly washed off, unless new lubricant is pumped continuously. The laboratory testing results obtained from this study have shown a reduction of the coefficients of friction after the CT metal surface treatment. These results prove the friction-reduction potential of manufacturing a CT with the new treated surface for extending the CT reach with or without friction-reducing technologies such as lubricants, vibratory tools and tractors. The advantage of utilizing the new CT metal surface treatment is that a lubricant remains longer in the micron-size pores on the CT surface and reduces the CT friction more consistently. The novel idea in this paper encompasses the fact that the CT metal surface treatment has the potential to reduce the CT friction by itself and further in combination with friction-reducing technologies such as lubricants, vibratory tools or tractors. The new CT surface is smoother and has micro-pores that can prevent a lubricant from being easily washed off the CT surface. The laboratory tests with the new CT samples have shown reduced coefficients of friction when comparing to conventional CT coupons with un-treated surfaces.

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Multivariate Sensitivity Analysis and Real-Time Algorithms in Data-Driven Coiled Tubing Cleanouts Turn Insights into Action

Tardy,

Kotlyar,

Keong

et al. 2024

Day 1 Mon, February 12, 2024

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Depleted wells require underbalanced coiled tubing cleanouts (CTCO) in which natural production from the reservoir assists solids transport. Reservoir pressures are often uncertain in these subhydrostatic environments, making CTCO design conditions difficult to predict. Under these conditions, sustaining an efficient cleanout is challenging, and risks include undesired leakoff, damage to the wellbore, and stuck pipe. New physics-based algorithms and workflows consume real-time data and output actionable feedback to optimize design, execution, and evaluation of CTCOs. A coiled tubing hydraulics (CTH) simulator with state-of-the-art flow and transport models improves CTCO design capabilities by sensitizing over every parameter, which generates a combinatorial number of scenarios. Once executed, this multivariate sensitivity analysis generates a large database of sensitized scenarios which delineate a safe and effective operational envelope. Meanwhile, a real-time execution advisor selects the sensitivity analysis scenario that best approximates actual conditions and guides coiled tubing (CT) operators to choose optimal liquid rates, nitrogen rates, and CT speed. This execution advisor is supported by an early inference algorithm (EIA), which assesses reservoir pressure during the run in hole (RIH), while surface testing flowmetering data are consumed by an annular velocity algorithm (AVA) to estimate solids transport efficiency, reservoir leakoff, and inflow in real time. EIA, AVA, and execution advisor run in real time to reduce operation time by up to 15% and nitrified fluid consumption by 10%, ultimately increasing hydrocarbon production by 50%. In addition to driving efficient workflows, the model reduces the risks of poor solids sweeping, formation damage due to reservoir leakoff, solids inflow from reservoir due to large drawdowns, and damage to the surface equipment. This study demonstrates that by combining extensive multivariate sensitivity analysis, advanced flow models, surface and downhole measurements with real-time interpretation and inference algorithms, CTCO operators can quickly assess multiple metrics of job performance, such as downhole solids sweeping efficiency, reservoir leakoff and inflow, and drawdown, and react accordingly to significantly improve operational outcomes. This first use of these real-time execution advisors paves the way to a step change in the efficiency and safety of CT interventions worldwide.

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Dynamic CT Modeling Software – Benefits Delivered to the Bottomline

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Reducing the Impact of Experience Gap and Increasing Service Delivery by Automating the Coiled Tubing Intervention

Reducing the Impact of Experience Gap and Increasing Service Delivery by Automating the Coiled Tubing Intervention

Laboratory Evaluation of a Novel Metal Surface Treatment for Coiled Tubing Friction Reduction in Extended-Reach Wells

Multivariate Sensitivity Analysis and Real-Time Algorithms in Data-Driven Coiled Tubing Cleanouts Turn Insights into Action

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