Dynamic Characteristics of Glow Discharge Tubes

Abstract

This paper describes a method for determining the dynamic current voltage characteristic curves of glow discharge tubes. The technique differs from that previously used for the oscillographic study of glow tubes in that the manner in which the current varies with time is under control. This is accomplished by the use of a vacuum tube to limit the current passed by the glow tube. The rate at which the current rises and falls, the current amplitude, the frequency of repetition of the current cycle, and the interval between cycles can be varied at will by changing the wave form of the voltage applied to the grid of the control tube, and the grid bias of the control tube. A number of oscillograms obtained by this method are shown, and the form of the characteristics is explained on the basis of time taken for ionization and deionization of the gas.

Polymer memristor for information storage and neuromorphic applications

“…[14][15][16] With this broadened denition, it is immediately realized that the distinctive "ngerprint" of the memristive system has been to a great extent observed and documented for over two centuries prior to the HP nanoscale demonstration in 2008. [17][18][19][20] One particular example of the memristor is the resistive random access memory (RRAM) with digital-type (or abrupt) current switching and large ON/OFF ratio characteristics (Fig. 2a).…”

Computing Areas of Pinched Hysteresis Loops of Mem-Systems in OrCAD PSPICE

“…Already in the paper [3] from 1976, attention is drawn to the fact that the simple thermistor or the discharge tube, whose model was derived in 1948 [9], are memristive systems, and that a part of the famous Hodgkin-Huxley model of the nerve axon membrane from 1952 [10] can be considered as a connection of two models of memristive systems. In [8], two works are cited: the paper [11] from 1938 (vacuum tube as a memristive system) and the already mentioned work from 1948 [9] (tungsten bulb, mercury and sodium discharge lamps generating v-i pinched hysteresis loops). Many other examples, published within the period from 1976 to 2010, are given in [7].…”

Gas Discharge Lamps Are Volatile Memristors

“…It is a phenomenon observed in some systems and devices that possess inertia and memory [5]. The dynamic hysteresis characteristics of discharge lamps were observed by Reich and Depp in 1938 [6] and analyzed by V. J. Francis in 1948 [7]. Gas discharge lamps exhibit hysteresis in their voltage-current characteristics, because the time required for the ionization and deionization of gas molecules depends not only on the instantaneous current, but also on the past current and the rate of change of current.…”

“…Unlike a low-pressure discharge lamp, the discharge column of a HID lamp is under local thermal equilibrium. The energy balance equation applied to the discharge column of an HID lamp is: (6) where is the temperature of the gas inside the lamp tube when the HID lamp is under local thermal equilibrium (LTE) state [21], is a coefficient, is the discharge current, is the discharge arc resistance, is the radiation loss and is the thermal conduction loss. The term can be considered as the input power to the lamp arc.…”

“…Therefore, the Saha equation does not apply to low-pressure lamps. The low-pressure discharge process cannot be described as a function of a single gas temperature as in the case of a high-pressure lamp (see (6)). …”