Dynamic branched fractures in pulverized rocks from a deep borehole

Sagy, Amir; Korngreen, Dorit

doi:10.1130/g33194.1

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Chester and Chester, 2000;Childs et al, 2009;Cowie and Scholz, 1992;Faulkner et al, 2011) and coseismic processes (e.g. Aben et al, 2016;Ben-Zion and Ampuero, 2009;Johri et al, 2014a;Okubo et al, 2019;Rempe et al, 2013;Rice et al, 2005;Sagy and Korngreen, 2012;Xu et al, 2012). Fractured rock can have significantly different mechanical and hydraulic properties to intact rock, and so the damage zone plays a fundamental role in crustal fluid flow and the mechanics of faulting and earthquakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage zone heterogeneity on seismogenic faults in crystalline rock; a field study of the Borrego Fault, Baja California

Ostermeijer

Mitchell

Aben

et al. 2020

Journal of Structural Geology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage zone heterogeneity on seismogenic faults in crystalline rock; a field study of the Borrego Fault, Baja California

Ostermeijer

Mitchell

Aben

et al. 2020

Journal of Structural Geology

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“…Current models of slip pulses and supershear ruptures have been developed under the simplifying assumption of a uniform elastic medium or a bimaterial interface. However, faults are often surrounded by damaged fault zones [Chester and Logan, 1986;Sibson, 1986;Scholz, 1987;Chester and Chester, 1998;Ben-Zion and Sammis, 2003;Savage and Brodsky, 2011;Rowe et al, 2013] caused by either aseismic deformation [Cowie and Scholz, 1992;Chester and Chester, 2000;Childs et al, 2009;Faulkner et al, 2011] or by coseismic processes [Rice et al, 2005;Ben-Zion and Ampuero, 2009;Sagy and Korngreen, 2012;Xu et al, 2012;Rempe et al, 2013;Johri et al, 2014]. A typical manifestation of damage is a reduced seismic wave velocity (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake ruptures modulated by waves in damaged fault zones

2014

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Faults are usually surrounded by damaged zones of lower elastic moduli and seismic wave velocities than their host rocks. If the interface between the damaged rocks and host rocks is sharp enough, earthquakes happening inside the fault zone generate reflected waves and head waves, which can interact with earthquake ruptures and modulate rupture properties such as rupture speed, slip rate, and rise time. We find through 2-D dynamic rupture simulations the following: (1) Reflected waves can induce multiple slip pulses. The rise time of the primary pulse is controlled by fault zone properties, rather than by frictional properties. (2) Head waves can cause oscillations of rupture speed and, in a certain range of fault zone widths, a permanent transition to supershear rupture with speeds that would be unstable in homogeneous media. (3) Large attenuation smears the slip rate function and delays the initial acceleration of rupture speed but does not affect significantly the rise time or the period of rupture speed oscillations. (4) Fault zones cause a rotation of the background stress field and can induce plastic deformations on both extensional and compressional sides of the fault. The plastic deformations are accumulated both inside and outside the fault zone, which indicates a correlation between fault zone development and repeating ruptures. Spatially periodic patterns of plastic deformations are formed due to oscillating rupture speed, which may leave a permanent signature in the geological record. Our results indicate that damaged fault zones with sharp boundaries promote multiple slip pulses and supershear ruptures.

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“…Chester and Chester, 2000;Childs et al, 2009;Cowie and Scholz, 1992;Kim et al, 2004;Shipton and Cowie, 2003) and by coseismic processes (e.g. Aben et al, 2016;Ben-Zion and Ampuero, 2009;Johri et al, 2014;Rempe et al, 2013;Rice et al, 2005;Sagy and Korngreen, 2012). With increasing fault displacement, both fault cores and damage zones increase in both width and complexity, with overprinting of incremental fracture damage leading to off-fault heterogeneous damage structures (Ostermeijer et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%