Dynamic Alterations of the Distal Intestinal Microbiota, Transcriptome, and Metabolome of Hybrid Grouper by β -Conglycinin With Reconciliations by Sodium Butyrate in Feed

Abstract

Different doses of β-conglycinin produce different regulations on the intestinal health of aquatic animals, affecting the absorption of nutrients, indirectly changing water quality. Sodium butyrate (NaB) can effectively alleviate the negative effects caused by high-dose β-conglycinin. We investigated the positive response to low-dose (1.5%, bL) and negative response to high-dose (6.0%, bH) β-conglycinin and supplementation with NaB (6.0% β-conglycinin + 0.13% NaB, bHNaB) in terms of water pollutants, microbiota, transcriptome, and metabolome in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂). The ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus contents were significantly higher in the water from bH than from FMb, bL, and bHNaB. Supplementing with NaB significantly reduced the ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus contents. Low-dose β-conglycinin increased the relative abundance of Pelagibacterium, Pediococcus, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus and promoted the “ribosome,” “peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling” and “histidine metabolism.” High-dose β-conglycinin increased the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria Ralstonia and Photobacterium and inhibited the “cell cycle” “PPAR signaling” and “starch and proline metabolism.” NaB supplementation at high-dose β-conglycinin reduced the Ralstonia and Photobacterium abundance and promoted the “cell cycle,” “linoleic acid metabolism,” and “ABC transporters.” Overall, these results reveal differences in the effects of high- and low-dose β-conglycinin, as well as NaB supplementation, on the utilization of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids and on substance transport and signaling among distal intestinal cells of hybrid grouper. A total of 15 differential metabolite biomarkers were identified: FMb vs. bL contained 10-methylimidazole acetic acid, N-acetyl histamine, urocanic acid, creatinine, glutathione, taurine, nervonic acid, stearic acid, docosanoic acid, and D-serine; FMb vs. bH contained 4-L-fucose, sucrose, α,α-trehalose, and quercetin; and bH vs. bHNaB contained 4-N-acetyl histamine, urocanic acid, creatinine, and S-adenosylhomocysteine, respectively. Our study provides new insights into the regulation of intestinal health by β-conglycinin in aquatic animals and the protective mechanism of NaB.

A Comparative Study on Effects of Three Butyric Acid-Producing Additives on the Growth Performance, Non-specific Immunity, and Intestinal Microbiota of the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

“…The linoleic acid metabolism, glycosaminoglycan degradation, and oxidative phosphorylation pathway were considerably enriched in the TB group than in the control. Enhancement of the linoleic acid metabolism pathway facilitates the promotion of lipid utilization in A. japonicus [55]. Reports suggested an important role for the glycosaminoglycan degradation pathway in the modulation of growth factor signaling [50].…”

Exploring the Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolome Profiles Associated With Feed Efficiency in Pacific Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai)

“…Intestinal microbiota are involved in the regulation of host energy-uptake efficiency, which was significantly associated with weight gain ( Looft et al, 2014 ; Kim et al, 2015 ) and FE ( Singh et al, 2012 ; Mccormack et al, 2017 ) and plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the intestinal environment ( Chung and Kasper, 2010 ). Changes in intestinal microbiota could inevitably influence intestinal metabolic function and further affect the physiology of organisms ( Levy et al, 2017 ), which can be partially indicated by intestinal metabolites ( Yin et al, 2021 ). Therefore, numerous studies have analyzed intestinal microbiota structure and metabolites to explore the regulatory mechanisms of FE ( Metzler-Zebeli et al, 2019 ; Gardiner et al, 2020 ).…”