Dynamic Actin Patterns and Arp2/3 Assembly at the Substrate-Attached Surface of Motile Cells

Bretschneider, Till; Diez, Stefan; Anderson, Kurt I.; Heuser, John E.; Clarke, Margaret; Müller‐Taubenberger, Annette; Köhler, Jana; Gerisch, Günther

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2003.12.005

Cited by 220 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Amoeboid cells like Dd owe their overall mechanical integrity to a thin (100-200 nm) intracellular layer of cortical actin adjacent to the cell membrane [33]. This actin cortex, consisting of a loose, cross-linked network of bundled filaments oriented tangentially to the membrane, is highly dynamic and turns-over completely on a time scale of 2 s.…”

Section: Plasticity Of the Actin System In Moving Cells: Creating Bunmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and perspectives in signal transduction, actin dynamics, and movement at the cell and tissue level: lessons fromDictyostelium

2016

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Movement of cells and tissues is a basic biological process that is used in development, wound repair, the immune response to bacterial invasion, tumour formation and metastasis, and the search for food and mates. While some cell movement is random, directed movement stimulated by extracellular signals is our focus here. This involves a sequence of steps in which cells first detect extracellular chemical and/or mechanical signals via membrane receptors that activate signal transduction cascades and produce intracellular signals. These intracellular signals control the motile machinery of the cell and thereby determine the spatial localization of the sites of force generation needed to produce directed motion. Understanding how force generation within cells and mechanical interactions with their surroundings, including other cells, are controlled in space and time to produce cell-level movement is a major challenge, and involves many issues that are amenable to mathematical modelling.

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Section: Plasticity Of the Actin System In Moving Cells: Creating Bunmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and perspectives in signal transduction, actin dynamics, and movement at the cell and tissue level: lessons fromDictyostelium

2016

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“…Of these, Mycobacteria make cholesterol like eukaryotes, and belong to actinobacteria, the probable ancestors of eukaryotes. Sterol biosynthesis evolved polyphyletically by modifying universal eubacterial isoprenoid metabolism after atmospheric oxygenation made it mechanistically (Gitai et al 2004) into an actin skeleton able to soften locally by filament severing and form engulfing pseudopodia by localized polymerization nucleated by Arp2/3 (actinrelated proteins that arose with actin by gene triplication of MreB in the pre-eukaryote; Bretschneider et al 2004). (ii) Inevitably, internalized food vacuoles would bear attached ribosomes and sometimes also chromosomal DNA.…”

Section: Mapping the Tree Onto The Fossil Record (A) The Age Of Eukarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell evolution and Earth history: stasis and revolution

Cavalier‐Smith

2006

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

249

278

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This synthesis has three main parts. The first discusses the overall tree of life and nature of the last common ancestor (cenancestor). I emphasize key steps in cellular evolution important for ordering and timing the major evolutionary innovations in the history of the biosphere, explaining especially the origins of the eukaryote cell and of bacterial flagella and cell envelope novelties. Second, I map the tree onto the fossil record and discuss dates of key events and their biogeochemical impact. Finally, I present a broad synthesis, discussing evidence for a three-phase history of life. The first phase began perhaps ca 3.5 Gyr ago, when the origin of cells and anoxic photosynthesis generated the arguably most primitive prokaryote phylum, Chlorobacteria (ZChloroflexi), the first negibacteria with cells bounded by two acyl ester phospholipid membranes. After this 'chlorobacterial age' of benthic anaerobic evolution protected from UV radiation by mineral grains, two momentous quantum evolutionary episodes of cellular innovation and microbial radiation dramatically transformed the Earth's surface: the glycobacterial revolution initiated an oxygenic 'age of cyanobacteria' and, as the ozone layer grew, the rise of plankton; immensely later, probably as recently as ca 0.9 Gyr ago, the neomuran revolution ushered in the 'age of eukaryotes', Archaebacteria (arguably the youngest bacterial phylum), and morphological complexity. Diversification of glycobacteria ca 2.8 Gyr ago, predominantly inhabiting stratified benthic mats, I suggest caused serial depletion of 13 C by ribulose 1,5-bis-phosphate caboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) to yield ultralight late Archaean organic carbon formerly attributed to methanogenesis plus methanotrophy. The late origin of archaebacterial methanogenesis ca 720 Myr ago perhaps triggered snowball Earth episodes by slight global warming increasing weathering and reducing CO 2 levels, to yield runaway cooling; the origin of anaerobic methane oxidation ca 570 Myr ago reduced methane flux at source, stabilizing Phanerozoic climates. I argue that the major cellular innovations exhibit a pattern of quantum evolution followed by very rapid radiation and then substantial stasis, as described by Simpson. They yielded organisms that are a mosaic of extremely conservative and radically novel features, as characterized by De Beer's phrase 'mosaic evolution'. Evolution is not evenly paced and there are no real molecular clocks.

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“…Through-the-objective TIRF microscopy of GFP labels was performed as described by Bretschneider et al (7). For dual-emission TIRF imaging, both GFP and mRFPmars were excited at 488 nm, and emissions were split as described in ref.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only markers that selectively visualize filamentous actin structures provided the resolution necessary to study cortical actin network dynamics. Here, we apply fluorescent versions of a truncated or full-length Lim protein, LimE⌬coil-GFP or LimE-GFP (7), to measure increases of fluorescence intensity and to investigate actin dynamics in unstimulated cells or in cells responding to chemoattractant.…”

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confidence: 99%

Subsecond reorganization of the actin network in cell motility and chemotaxis

Diez

Gerisch

Anderson

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Actin networks are continuously reorganized in cells that rapidly change their shape. Applying total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy at acquisition rates of 10 -20 Hz, we measured an average growth rate of 3 m⅐sec ؊1 for filamentous actin structures throughout the entire substrate-attached cortex of Dictyostelium cells. New filaments often proceed along preexisting ones, resulting in bundle formation concurrent with filament growth. In cells that orientate in a gradient of chemoattractant, prominent assemblies of actin enriched in the Arp2͞3 complex are inserted into the network, primarily at the base of filopods that point into the direction of the gradient. We propose that high turnover rates of actin filaments confer the plasticity to the cell cortex that is required for rapid accommodation to external stimuli.actin polymerization ͉ Arp2͞3 complex ͉ Dictyostelium ͉ latrunculin ͉ total internal reflection fluorescence

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Dynamic Actin Patterns and Arp2/3 Assembly at the Substrate-Attached Surface of Motile Cells

Cited by 220 publications

References 32 publications

Progress and perspectives in signal transduction, actin dynamics, and movement at the cell and tissue level: lessons fromDictyostelium

Progress and perspectives in signal transduction, actin dynamics, and movement at the cell and tissue level: lessons fromDictyostelium

Cell evolution and Earth history: stasis and revolution

Subsecond reorganization of the actin network in cell motility and chemotaxis

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