Dyestuff Identification and Significance of Interleaves from Moroccan Manuscripts ofDalā’il al-Khayrāt

New insights into the fading problems of safflower red dyed textiles through a HPLC-PDA and colorimetric study

“…The presence of components with similar absorption spectra of those of Y1 and Y2 has already been reported in safflower red dyed samples and they are currently mainly described as decomposition products of carthamin [25,27,28]. The publication by Laursen and Mouri [8] was the first to state that carthamin deteriorates in aqueous solution by heating, probably via a reverse aldol condensation, leading to the formation of the two compounds, called A and B.…”

Characterization of materials in the late 15th century Ottoman period Animal Encyclopedia and detection of deterioration products by HPLC-DAD

“…In another study, the dyes in Moroccan manuscripts were examined. According to the analysis results, sa ower dye was detected on orangecolored papers, while Safranine T, a basic dyestuff, a mixture of mono azo dyes (Ponceau RR, Fast Red AV, Crocein Orange, and Orange II) or a combination of both were determined in fuchsia-colored papers [31]. Aceto et al, on the other hand, identi ed indigo, madder, and Tyrian purple in dyes in two manuscripts in the Austrian National Library in Vienna [28].…”

“…Organic natural dyes used in illumination and other manuscript decorations were applied in an aqueous solution for dyeing paper either directly or due to the use of mordant dyes. While the rst semi-synthetic dyestuffs have been on the market since the last quarter of the 18th century [31], fully synthetic dyestuffs were introduced to the market in the second half of the 19th century. Until this date, dye sources of vegetable or animal origin have been used for dyeing [30,31].…”

“…While the rst semi-synthetic dyestuffs have been on the market since the last quarter of the 18th century [31], fully synthetic dyestuffs were introduced to the market in the second half of the 19th century. Until this date, dye sources of vegetable or animal origin have been used for dyeing [30,31]. When looking at synthetic dyes, basic, acidic, or direct dyes are preferred for dyeing cellulosic paper [31].…”

“…Until this date, dye sources of vegetable or animal origin have been used for dyeing [30,31]. When looking at synthetic dyes, basic, acidic, or direct dyes are preferred for dyeing cellulosic paper [31]. Archival materials such as paper and books are a multicomponent system containing cellulose, llers, size, and colorants.…”