Dyes and Stains: from molecular structure to histological application

Veuthey, Tania; Herrera, María Georgina; Dodero, Verónica Isabel

doi:10.2741/4197

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…The broad range of class-specific (DNA, proteins, lipids, or carbohydrates) dyes that exist in the field allowed histology to become a highly versatile screening technique. Out of a single sample, histology can furnish a significantly high amount of (mostly) qualitative and quantitative characteristics of different kind of tissues [ 1 ]. Although having a highly discriminative power on both the tissue and cellular level, histological assessment (slicing, staining, imaging, and analysis) remains a challenging, time-consuming, and costly technique [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast-Enhanced MicroCT for Virtual 3D Anatomical Pathology of Biological Tissues: A Literature Review

Bournonville

Vangrunderbeeck

Kerckhofs

2019

Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging

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To date, the combination of histological sectioning, staining, and microscopic assessment of the 2D sections is still the golden standard for structural and compositional analysis of biological tissues. X-ray microfocus computed tomography (microCT) is an emerging 3D imaging technique with high potential for 3D structural analysis of biological tissues with a complex and heterogeneous 3D structure, such as the trabecular bone. However, its use has been mostly limited to mineralized tissues because of the inherently low X-ray absorption of soft tissues. To achieve sufficient X-ray attenuation, chemical compounds containing high atomic number elements that bind to soft tissues have been recently adopted as contrast agents (CAs) for contrast-enhanced microCT (CE-CT); this novel technique is very promising for quantitative “virtual” 3D anatomical pathology of both mineralized and soft biological tissues. In this paper, we provided a review of the advances in CE-CT since the very first reports on the technology to date. Perfusion CAs for in vivo imaging have not been discussed, as the focus of this review was on CAs that bind to the tissue of interest and that are, thus, used for ex vivo imaging of biological tissues. As CE-CT has mostly been applied for the characterization of musculoskeletal tissues, we have put specific emphasis on these tissues. Advantages and limitations of multiple CAs for different musculoskeletal tissues have been highlighted, and their reproducibility has been discussed. Additionally, the advantages of the “full” 3D CE-CT information have been pinpointed, and its importance for more detailed structural, spatial, and functional characterization of the tissues of interest has been shown. Finally, the remaining challenges that are still hampering a broader adoption of CE-CT have been highlighted, and suggestions have been made to move the field of CE-CT imaging one step further towards a standard accepted tool for quantitative virtual 3D anatomical pathology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast-Enhanced MicroCT for Virtual 3D Anatomical Pathology of Biological Tissues: A Literature Review

Bournonville

Vangrunderbeeck

Kerckhofs

2019

Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging

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“…Small‐molecule dyes have since found use in a wide range of industrial applications and cutting edge technologies. There are current needs being fulfilled in solar cells, in vivo imaging, photodynamic therapy, histological staining, metal sensing, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), and in laser pumping mediums . Many of the popular chromophores such as carbocyanines, boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY), coumarin, squaraine, and rhodamine‐based dyes are used across academic research, medicine, and industry .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nile Red and Nile Blue: Applications and Syntheses of Structural Analogues

Martinez

Henary

2016

Chemistry A European J

170

135

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Nile red and Nile blue are highly fluorescent and photostable organic dyes from the benzo[a]phenoxazine family. They have been used as histological stains for imaging lysosomes and lipids in vitro. The dyes' high quantum yields and solvent-dependent optical properties make them ideal scaffolds for the development of pH probes and local polarity indicators. Reviews of the literature in this area are scarce with only one review ever published in 2006. It has been 10 years since and the field has evolved. This review aims to expand upon topics covered by the previous reviewers and to report on recent advances in the literature. As authors, we hope to convey a sense of scope and to spark renewed interest in this useful niche of dye chemistry.

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“…For an overview of the sample and revealing the general tissue anatomy, complex mixtures such as Periodic acid-Schiff reaction (PAS), Masson's trichrome, van Grieson, Azan, Mallory, etc. (reviewed in [67,72,85,86]) can be used for larvae as exemplified in [23]. In principle, all stains used in analyses of adult crustacean histology such as, e.g., the popular trichromatic Masson-Goldner stain [87][88][89][90] can also be applied to sec-tions of larval tissues (reagents are available, e.g., from MORPHISTO ® ).…”

Section: Staining and Mountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Classical histology is used to study biological tissues to describe an organism's microscopic anatomy and has acquired major importance since the development of the microscope in the 15th-16th century [67]. A detailed morphological and anatomical visualisation of tissues can be achieved by this technique at the micrometre scale which is essential for functional, comparative, and developmental studies of all organisms.…”

Section: An Oldie But Still a Goldie-classical Histology Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to study organogenesis in decapod crustacean larvae II: analysing cells and tissues

et al. 2021

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Cells and tissues form the bewildering diversity of crustacean larval organ systems which are necessary for these organisms to autonomously survive in the plankton. For the developmental biologist, decapod crustaceans provide the fascinating opportunity to analyse how the adult organism unfolds from organ Anlagen compressed into a miniature larva in the sub-millimetre range. This publication is the second part of our survey of methods to study organogenesis in decapod crustacean larvae. In a companion paper, we have already described the techniques for culturing larvae in the laboratory and dissecting and chemically fixing their tissues for histological analyses. Here, we review various classical and more modern imaging techniques suitable for analyses of eidonomy, anatomy, and morphogenetic changes within decapod larval development, and protocols including many tips and tricks for successful research are provided. The methods cover reflected-light-based methods, autofluorescence-based imaging, scanning electron microscopy, usage of specific fluorescence markers, classical histology (paraffin, semithin and ultrathin sectioning combined with light and electron microscopy), X-ray microscopy (µCT), immunohistochemistry and usage of in vivo markers. For each method, we report our personal experience and give estimations of the method’s research possibilities, the effort needed, costs and provide an outlook for future directions of research.

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Dyes and Stains: from molecular structure to histological application

Cited by 23 publications

References 119 publications

Contrast-Enhanced MicroCT for Virtual 3D Anatomical Pathology of Biological Tissues: A Literature Review

Contrast-Enhanced MicroCT for Virtual 3D Anatomical Pathology of Biological Tissues: A Literature Review

Nile Red and Nile Blue: Applications and Syntheses of Structural Analogues

Methods to study organogenesis in decapod crustacean larvae II: analysing cells and tissues

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