Methods to study organogenesis in decapod crustacean larvae II: analysing cells and tissues

Melzer, Roland R.; Spitzner, Franziska; Šargač, Zoran; Hörnig, Marie K.; Krieger, Jakob; Haug, Carolin; Haug, Joachim T.; Kirchhoff, Tina; Meth, Rebecca; Torres, Gabriela; Harzsch, Steffen

doi:10.1186/s10152-021-00547-y

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(178 reference statements)

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“…This chapter focuses on larval metamorphosis, sex determination, and sexual differentiation in non-insect arthropods, especially in decapod crustaceans and spider chelicerates. Insects have long been the frontrunners in the study of these phenomena in arthropods, however, new emerging methods such as next-generation sequencing, 3D and high-resolution imaging techniques [120,121], and genome editing methods [122][123][124][125] are opening the door for every non-model species. It is of great benefit to the wealth of available knowledge of insects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval Development of Non-Insect Arthropods: Metamorphosis and Sexual Differentiation

Toyota¹,

Sakae²,

Iguchi³

2023

Arthropods - New Advances and Perspectives

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In insects, metamorphosis is one of the most important research topics. Their drastic morphological and physiological changes from larvae to pupae, and then to adults, have fascinated many people. These changing life history patterns are tightly regulated by two endocrine systems, the ecdysteroids (molting hormones) and the juvenile hormones. Metamorphosis is also the most universal phenomenon in non-insect arthropods (especially crustaceans). Additionally, as dwarf males (e.g., barnacle crustaceans) show distinct sexual dimorphism during the larval developmental stage, larval development and sexual differentiation are also intimately associated. Our knowledge of endocrinology and gene cascades underlying metamorphosis and sexual differentiation in non-insect arthropods is rudimentary at best and relies heavily on well-studied insect models. Advances in newly developed applications, omics technologies and gene-targeting, are expected to lead to explorative molecular studies that reveal components and pathways unique to non-insect arthropods. This chapter reconciles known components of metamorphosis and sexual differentiation in non-insect arthropods and reflects on our findings in insects to outline future research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval Development of Non-Insect Arthropods: Metamorphosis and Sexual Differentiation

Toyota¹,

Sakae²,

Iguchi³

2023

Arthropods - New Advances and Perspectives

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“…One technique which has found use in taxonomically useful imaging of arthropods is dark field microscopy, where incident light is directed at the specimen in such a way that it does not pass into the objective unless deflected (reflected, refracted or scattered) by the specimen, leading to improved contrast against background and higher salience of delicate surface structures (Haug et al, 2011b). Another applicable method is polarization contrast that can underline differences in thickness and density of thicker homogenous structures formed by the cuticle (Fernańdez del Rıó et al, 2016;Melzer et al, 2021). Finally, interference contrast (also known as Nomarski contrast) is a powerful technique enabling the visualization of fine ultrastructural details.…”

Section: Bright Field and Optical Contrast Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Advances in the Taxonomy of Deep-Sea Peracarida: From Traditional to Modern Methods

Frutos

Kaiser²,

Pułaski³

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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As one of the oldest branches of biology, taxonomy deals with the identification, classification and naming of living organisms, using a variety of tools to explore traits at the morphological and molecular level. In the deep sea, particular challenges are posed to the taxonomic differentiation of species. Relatively limited sampling effort coupled with apparent high diversity, compared to many other marine environments, means that many species sampled are undescribed, and few specimens are available for each putative species. The resulting scarce knowledge of intraspecific variation makes it difficult to recognize species boundaries and thus to assess the actual diversity and distribution of species. In this review article, we highlight some of these challenges in deep-sea taxonomy using the example of peracarid crustaceans. Specifically, we offer a detailed overview of traditional as well as modern methods that are used in the taxonomic analysis of deep-sea Peracarida. Furthermore, methods are presented that have not yet been used in peracarid taxonomy, but have potential for the analysis of internal and external structures in the future. The focus of this compilation is on morphological methods for the identification, delimitation and description of species, with references to molecular analysis included where relevant, as these methods are an indispensable part of an integrative taxonomic approach. The taxonomic impediment, i.e. the shortage of taxonomists in view of a high undescribed biodiversity, is discussed in the context of the existing large taxonomic knowledge gaps in connection with the increasing threat to deep-sea ecosystems. Whilst peracarid crustaceans are used here as an exemplary taxon, the methodology described has broad relevance to many other deep-sea taxa, and thus will support broader research into deep-sea biodiversity and ecology more widely.

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“…In this respect several commercial software solutions, such as for example, Amira (Stalling et al, 2005) and Imaris (https://imaris.oxinst.com/) are available, which combine most of the needs of the scientific community, but come along with high renting and maintenance fees. Amira became kind of a standard in most publications focussed on zoological approaches (Allentoft‐Larsen et al, 2021; Bibermair et al, 2021; Melzer et al, 2021; Wipfler et al, 2021) and beyond.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No cost but high performance–An alternative open source solution for 3D‐visualizations in morphology

Kalke¹,

Helm²

2022

Microscopy Res & Technique

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3D-visualization has become common courtesy in science and also found its way into teaching in schools and universities. Nevertheless, the way to high performance 3Dvisualization and analyses remains difficult and is often also a matter of budget. Due to the obvious advantages of presenting morphological and anatomical datasets with the help of 3D-figures, all in one software solutions usually come along with high rental and maintenance fees. For that reason, it is more than overdue to establish and use open source software solutions with all their obvious advantages -as other disciplines already do. Here we provide a modular, highly adaptive and freely available software pipeline for high performance 3D-visualizations of (not only) morphological datasets by combining features of ImageJ, MeshLab and Blender, without any additional costs. Exemplarily using serial-block face SEM data as well as serial AZANstained histological sections, the herein presented step-by-step protocol allows for a fast and efficient analysis, visualization and animation of large, anatomical datasets.Regardless which type of serial, morphological datasets needs to be analyzed, our open source guide provides an easy to handle and promptly adaptable solution.Therefore, our pipeline for 3D-visualization represents a valuable alternative to conventional, commercial packages. Research HighlightsWe provide a highly modular and easy to learn open source solution for multiple 3Dvisualizations. The step-by-step-guide make it easy to start, and advanced users can replace software, add others and such build your own individual software pipeline.

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Methods to study organogenesis in decapod crustacean larvae II: analysing cells and tissues

Cited by 7 publications

References 139 publications

Larval Development of Non-Insect Arthropods: Metamorphosis and Sexual Differentiation

Larval Development of Non-Insect Arthropods: Metamorphosis and Sexual Differentiation

Challenges and Advances in the Taxonomy of Deep-Sea Peracarida: From Traditional to Modern Methods

No cost but high performance–An alternative open source solution for 3D‐visualizations in morphology

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