Durch Blut übertragbare Infektionskrankheiten

Caspari, G.; Gerlich, Wolfram H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-12765-6_38

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 554 publications

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“…Contents from DTs also contain small amounts of blood-mainly menstrual blood, which can enter both the liquid and solid waste collection containers of DTs [46]. Many dangerous blood-borne pathogens exist, including hepatitis viruses, syphilis, malaria, and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [47]. Pathogens that circulate in the blood during an infection can remain active in excreted blood.…”

Section: Epidemiological Hygiene Of Human Excretamentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Risk Analysis for Contents of Dry Toilets Used to Produce Novel Recycling Fertilizers

Krause

Häfner

Augustin³

et al. 2021

Circ.Econ.Sust.

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Human excreta are a sustainable, economical source of nutrients, and can be used to produce recycling fertilizer for horticulture by collecting and processing the contents of dry toilets. Herein, we discuss the key categories of risk associated with the main groups of materials commonly found in dry toilets. The study was part of the development of a German product standard for marketable and quality-assured recycling fertilizers from human excreta for use in horticulture. Particular attention is paid to ensuring that the fertilizer is epidemiologically and environmentally harmless and that the quality of the recycling fertilizer is adequate in terms of low pollution and nutrient availability. In sum, the risk of transmissible human pathogens lies within the human excreta, particularly feces; plant materials added during composting are of particular phytosanitary relevance; pharmaceutical residues in excrements and chemical additives are potential sources of pollutants; non-biodegradable contaminants can cause pollution and injury; and the horticultural risks involve mainly the ammonia emission potential and in some cases the salinity effects of urine. These risks can be reduced significantly (i) with education of users around proper operation of dry toilets and the consequences of adding inappropriate waste, (ii) with facilitation of proper use with general waste bins and clear instructions, and importantly (iii) by using modern sanitization and cleaning processes and testing for harmful substances under the guidance of local laws and regulations, ensuring safe and high-quality fertilizers. In conclusion, the benefits of using dry toilet contents to produce fertilizers for use in horticulture are unquestionable. Our analysis highlights the need to support recycling optimization and awareness for the purpose of a sustainable circular economy and to minimize the risk of harm to humans and the environment overall.

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Section: Epidemiological Hygiene Of Human Excretamentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Risk Analysis for Contents of Dry Toilets Used to Produce Novel Recycling Fertilizers

Krause

Häfner

Augustin³

et al. 2021

Circ.Econ.Sust.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Blutersatz in der Onkologie – Anwendung, Komplikationen, Nebenwirkungen und Risiken

Sibrowski

Krakowitzky

2010

Die Onkologie

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Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhämatologie

Kiefel

Mueller-Eckhardt

2011

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Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar.Dieses Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Die dadurch begründeten Rechte, insbesondere die der Übersetzung, des Nachdrucks, des Vortrags, der Entnahme von Abbildungen und Tabellen, der Funksendung, der Mikroverfilmung oder der Vervielfältigung auf anderen Wegen und der Speicherung in Datenverarbeitungsanlagen, bleiben, auch bei nur auszugsweiser Verwertung, vorbehalten. Eine Vervielfältigung dieses Werkes oder von Teilen dieses Werkes ist auch im Einzelfall nur in den Grenzen der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes der Bundesrepublik Deutschland vom 9. September 1965 in der jeweils geltenden Fassung zulässig. Sie ist grundsätzlich vergütungspflichtig. Zuwiderhandlungen unterliegen den Strafbestimmungen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes.

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Durch Blut übertragbare Infektionskrankheiten

Cited by 6 publications

References 554 publications

Qualitative Risk Analysis for Contents of Dry Toilets Used to Produce Novel Recycling Fertilizers

Qualitative Risk Analysis for Contents of Dry Toilets Used to Produce Novel Recycling Fertilizers

Blutersatz in der Onkologie – Anwendung, Komplikationen, Nebenwirkungen und Risiken

Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhämatologie

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