Duration of Detection of Fecal Excretion of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in Cattle

Besser, Thomas E.; Hancock, Dale D.; Pritchett, Lori C.; McRae, Ella M.; Rice, Daniel H.; Tarr, Phillip I.

doi:10.1093/infdis/175.3.726

Cited by 187 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It can last approximately one month in a same animal [5], and colonisation can be more prolonged in the winter than in the summer [152]. The load of EHEC O157 in calves' faeces can range from 10 2 to 10 5 cfu/gram of faecal matter [152,188].…”

Section: Shedding and Persistencementioning

confidence: 99%

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission

et al. 2005

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-Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) constitute a subset of serotypes (E. coli O157 and some other serogroups) of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) firmly associated with severe human illnesses like bloody diarrhoea and haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Stx production is essential but not sufficient for EHEC virulence. Most strains are capable of colonising the intestinal mucosa of the host with the "attaching and effacing" mechanism, genetically governed by a large pathogenicity island (PAI) defined as the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement. Other virulence factors carried by mobile genetic elements like PAI and plasmids have been recently described, and their role in the pathogenic process has not been fully elucidated. EHEC are zoonotic pathogens. They rarely cause disease in animals, and ruminants are recognised as their main natural reservoir. Cattle are considered to be the most important source of human infections with EHEC O157, and the ecology of the organism in cattle farming has been extensively studied. The organism has also been reported in sheep, goats, water buffalos, and deer. Pigs and poultry are not considered to be a source of EHEC and the sporadic reports may derive from accidental exposure to ruminant dejections. The epidemiology of EHEC infections has remarkably changed during the past ten years and an increasing number of unusual food vehicles have been associated with human infections. New routes of transmission have emerged, like contact with animals during farm visits and a wide variety of environment-related exposures. As for other zoonotic agents, having animals and raw products that are free from EHEC is not possible in practice. However, their occurrence can be minimised by applying high standards of hygiene in all the steps of the food production chain.

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Section: Shedding and Persistencementioning

confidence: 99%

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission

et al. 2005

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“…Cooked ground beef, cow milk, dairy products, and so on are thought to be the major sources of EHEC infection [4,26,27], and cattle and other ruminants, such as sheep and goats, are known to harbor the organisms in their faeces and are regarded as natural reservoirs of the organisms [2,3,5,22,25]. The prevalence of EHEC O157 in cattle has been reported to be 0.2-60.4% in the United States [10,13,23,28], 1.9% in Australia [7], and 4.2-66.7% in Europe [5,6,16,24].…”

Section: Shiga Toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia Coli (Stec) Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Year Study of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 on a Farm in Japan

Ezawa

Gocho

Saitoh

et al. 2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A long-term study was performed on the prevalence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 in bovine faeces. The present study was conducted on heifers raised on a farm showing a high isolation rate of EHEC O157 in previous years. The p revalence of EHEC O157 isolated from faecal samples was 10.6% (222/2104), 5.6% (181/3225), and 5.6% (153/2744) from 1998 to 2000, respectively. The numbers of EHEC O157-positive heifers for the same 3 years were 46.3% (185/400), 36.8% (147/399), and 31.7% (130/410), respectively. The seasonal prevalence of EHEC O157 varied according to the year. Most positive heifers excreted the EHEC O157 only once during the survey, though it was excreted 2 or 3 times by some heifers. The results obtained in the present study showed that the farm examined was heavily contaminated with EHEC O157. It is assumed that EHEC O157 does not remain in individual catt le long-term, but does exist long-term on farms due to repeated infection.

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“…This task is complicated further by the fact that fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by cattle is intermittent. Short periods of relatively high prevalence of excretion are separated by longer periods of reduced or undetectable shedding (Wells et al 1991;Besser et al 1997). This situation has undoubtedly contributed to the variance in prevalences reported in the literature.…”

Section: History and Origins Of E Coli O157:h7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission and control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 — A review

Bach¹,

McAllister²,

Veira³

et al. 2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

126

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. 2002. Transmission and control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 -A review. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82: [475][476][477][478][479][480][481][482][483][484][485][486][487][488][489][490]. Escherichia coli 157:H7 has evolved as an important foodborne pathogen since its initial description in 1982. Outbreaks of illness associated with E. coli O157:H7 have been reported throughout the northern hemisphere, most frequently in Canada, the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom. In Canada, infections due to E. coli O157:H7 appear to be more common in the western provinces than in the east, in rural vs. urban environments, and during summer as opposed to winter months. Undercooked ground beef has been implicated as the primary vehicle in E. coli O157:H7 infection, but contaminated fruits, vegetables and water have also been linked to E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks. Epidemiological investigations demonstrate that dairy and beef cattle are primary reservoirs of this organism, carrying it asymptomatically and shedding it intermittently and seasonally in their feces. Surveys in Canada and the United States indicate widespread distribution of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle operations. The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle has been increasing in recent reports, likely due to the development of more sensitive methods for the detection of the organism. Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been isolated from feed, water for livestock, manure, soil and flies, all of which represent potential sources of contamination for cattle and their environment. To date, effective methods for controlling E. coli O157:H7 in cattle have not been identified, although dietary manipulation, vaccination and bacteriophage therapy have been reported to have potential as intervention strategies. Effective control of E. coli O157:H7 requires reducing the frequency and intensity of fecal shedding of this pathogen by cattle, in addition to targeting environmental sources of the organism.

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Duration of Detection of Fecal Excretion of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in Cattle

Cited by 187 publications

References 11 publications

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission

A Three-Year Study of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 on a Farm in Japan

Transmission and control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 — A review

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