Duration discrimination in the range of milliseconds and seconds in children with ADHD and their unaffected siblings

Himpel, Sunke; Banaschewski, Tobias; Grüttner, Achim; Becker, Arnold; Heise, Arndt; Uebel, Henrik; Albrecht, Björn; Rothenberger, Aribert; Rammsayer, Thomas

doi:10.1017/s003329170900542x

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that trait impulsivity may represent a marker of vulnerability, which seems to be present in an attenuated form in unaffected subjects at high genetic risk for mood disorders. Other groups have previously described poor impulse control among unaffected relatives of patients with ADHD [19] and obsessive-compulsive disorder [20]. Further, acute tryptophan depletion has been showed to increase impulsivity among unaffected first-degree relatives of bipolar patients, but not among controls [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsivity in children and adolescents with mood disorders and unaffected offspring of bipolar parents

Sanches

Scott-Gurnell

Patel

et al. 2014

Comprehensive Psychiatry

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Objective Increased impulsivity seems to be present across all phases of bipolar disorder (BD). Impulsivity may therefore represent an endophenotype for BD, if it is also found among normal individuals at high genetic risk for mood disorders. In this study, we assessed impulsivity across four different groups of children and adolescents: patients with BD, major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, unaffected offspring of bipolar parents (UO), and healthy controls (HC). Subjects and Methods 52 patients with BD, 31 with MDD, 20 UO, and 45 HC completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), an instrument designed to measure trait impulsivity. Results UO displayed significantly higher total BIS-11 impulsivity scores than HC (p=0.02) but lower scores than BD patients (F=27.12, p<0.01). Multiple comparison analysis revealed higher BIS-11 total scores among BD patients when compared to HC (p<0.01) and UO (p<0.01). MDD patients had higher BIS-11 scores when compared to HC (p<0.01). Differences between MDD patients and UO, as well as between MDD and BD patients, were not statistically significant. Conclusion Our findings suggest that trait impulsivity is increased among children and adolescents with mood disorders, as well as in unaffected individuals at high genetic risk for BD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsivity in children and adolescents with mood disorders and unaffected offspring of bipolar parents

Sanches

Scott-Gurnell

Patel

et al. 2014

Comprehensive Psychiatry

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“…In children and adolescents with ADHD, time discrimination deficits have been objectified both in the auditory (Toplak et al, 2003; Toplak and Tannock, 2005; Himpel et al, 2009) and in the visual domain (Smith et al, 2002; Rubia et al, 2007; Yang et al, 2007; Vloet et al, 2010), using different baselines for the duration of the comparison stimulus as the initial starting point (auditory: between 50 and 1,000 ms; visual: between 300 and 1,200 ms). Thus, time discrimination deficits seem to exist independent from perceptional modality (Toplak and Tannock, 2005), but there is some evidence that performance deteriorates with increasing baseline length (Yang et al, 2007) and increasing duration difference between the comparison stimuli (Valko et al, 2010; but see also Smith et al, 2008, for a negative finding).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living in the Fast Lane: Evidence for a Global Perceptual Timing Deficit in Childhood ADHD Caused by Distinct but Partially Overlapping Task-Dependent Cognitive Mechanisms

Marx¹,

Weirich²,

Berger³

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Dysfunctions in perceptual timing have been reported in children with ADHD, but so far only from studies that have not used the whole set of timing paradigms available from the literature, with the diversity of findings complicating the development of a unified model of timing dysfunctions and its determinants in ADHD. Therefore, we employed a comprehensive set of paradigms (time discrimination, time estimation, time production, and time reproduction) in order to explore the perceptual timing deficit profile in our ADHD sample. Moreover, we aimed to detect predictors responsible for timing task performance deficits in children with ADHD and how the timing deficits might be positively affected by methylphenidate. Male children with ADHD and healthy control children, all aged between 8 and 13 years, participated in this longitudinal study with three experimental sessions, where children with ADHD were medicated with methylphenidate at the second session but discontinued their medication at the remaining sessions. The results of our study reveal that children with ADHD were impaired in all timing tasks, arguing for a general perceptual timing deficit in ADHD. In doing so, our predictor analyses support the notion that distinct but partially overlapping cognitive mechanisms might exist for discriminating, estimating/producing, and reproducing time intervals. In this sense, working memory deficits in terms of an abnormally fast internal counting process might be common to dysfunctions in the time estimation/time production tasks and in the time reproduction task, with attention deficits (e.g., in terms of disruptions of the counting process) additionally contributing to time estimation/time production deficits and motivational alterations additionally contributing to time reproduction deficits. Methylphenidate did not significantly alter performance of the ADHD sample, presumably due to limited statistical power of our study. The findings of our study demonstrate a pivotal role of disturbed working memory processes in perceptual timing task performance in childhood ADHD, at the same time broadening the view for additional attentional and motivational determinants of impaired task performance.

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“…Neurophysiological studies have implicated dopaminergic control of the CNV (Linssen et al 2011 ;Kratz et al 2012) and an ensemble of thalamo-cortical structures including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, frontal cortex, thalamus and midbrain dopaminergic nuclei involved in CNV generation (Gomez et al 2003 ;Fan et al 2007 ;Lutcke et al 2008). Time processing and preparation problems in patients with ADHD are associated with reduced activation in brain regions implicated in CNV generation (Rubia et al 1999;Smith et al 2008) and are considered as a candidate endophenotype (Castellanos & Tannock, 2002 ;Rommelse et al 2007b ;Plummer & Humphrey, 2008 ;Himpel et al 2009). In line with these considerations, CNV is consistently reduced in ADHD (Hennighausen et al 2000 ;Perchet et al 2001 ;Banaschewski et al 2003Banaschewski et al , 2008 and may represent a persistent deficit in patients with ADHD (Valko et al 2009 ;Doehnert et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familiality of neural preparation and response control in childhood attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND: Patients with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit difficulties in multiple attentional functions. Although high heritability rates suggest a strong genetic impact, aetiological pathways from genes and environmental factors to the ADHD phenotype are not well understood. Tracking the time course of deviant task processing using event-related electrophysiological brain activity should characterize the impact of familiality on the sequence of cognitive functions from preparation to response control in ADHD. Method Preparation and response control were assessed using behavioural and electrophysiological parameters of two versions of a cued continuous performance test with varying attentional load in boys with ADHD combined type (n = 97), their non-affected siblings (n = 27) and control children without a family history of ADHD (n = 43). RESULTS: Children with ADHD and non-affected siblings showed more variable performance and made more omission errors than controls. The preparatory Cue-P3 and contingent negative variation (CNV) following cues were reduced in both ADHD children and their non-affected siblings compared with controls. The NoGo-P3 was diminished in ADHD compared with controls whilst non-affected siblings were located intermediate but did not differ from both other groups. No clear familiality effects were found for the Go-P3. Better task performance was further associated with higher CNV and P3 amplitudes. CONCLUSIONS: Impairments in performance and electrophysiological parameters reflecting preparatory processes and to some extend also for inhibitory response control, especially under high attentional load, appeared to be familially driven in ADHD and may thus constitute functionally relevant endophenotypes for the disorder. Background. Patients with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit difficulties in multiple attentional functions. Although high heritability rates suggest a strong genetic impact, aetiological pathways from genes and environmental factors to the ADHD phenotype are not well understood. Tracking the time course of deviant task processing using event-related electrophysiological brain activity should characterize the impact of familiality on the sequence of cognitive functions from preparation to response control in ADHD.

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Duration discrimination in the range of milliseconds and seconds in children with ADHD and their unaffected siblings

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Impulsivity in children and adolescents with mood disorders and unaffected offspring of bipolar parents

Impulsivity in children and adolescents with mood disorders and unaffected offspring of bipolar parents

Living in the Fast Lane: Evidence for a Global Perceptual Timing Deficit in Childhood ADHD Caused by Distinct but Partially Overlapping Task-Dependent Cognitive Mechanisms

Familiality of neural preparation and response control in childhood attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

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