Durable field resistance to wheat yellow mosaic virus in transgenic wheat containing the antisense virus polymerase gene

Abstract

Summary Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) has spread rapidly and causes serious yield losses in the major wheat‐growing areas in China. Because it is vectored by the fungus‐like organism Polymyxa graminis that survives for long periods in soil, it is difficult to eliminate by conventional crop management or fungicides. There is also only limited resistance in commercial cultivars. In this research, fourteen independent transgenic events were obtained by co‐transformation with the antisense NIb8 gene (the NIb replicase of WYMV) and a selectable gene bar. Four original transgenic lines (N12, N13, N14 and N15) and an offspring line (N12‐1) showed high and durable resistance to WYMV in the field. Four resistant lines were shown to have segregated and only contain NIb8 (without bar) by PCR and herbicide resistance testing in the later generations. Line N12‐1 showed broad‐spectrum resistance to WYMV isolates from different sites in China. After growing in the infested soil, WYMV could not be detected by tissue printing and Western blot assays of transgenic wheat. The grain yield of transgenic wheat was about 10% greater than the wild‐type susceptible control. Northern blot and small RNA deep sequencing analyses showed that there was no accumulation of small interfering RNAs targeting the NIb8 gene in transgenic wheat plants, suggesting that transgene RNA silencing, a common mechanism of virus‐derived disease resistance, is not involved in the process of WYMV resistance. This durable and broad‐spectrum resistance to WYMV in transgenic wheat will be useful for alleviating the damage caused by WYMV.

Retracted: Cytosolic glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase 2/5/6 increase drought tolerance via stomatal movement and reactive oxygen species scavenging in wheat

“…Whole immature embryos (1.0 ± 0.2 mm) were isolated and placed on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the dark. The TaGAPC‐Ri plasmid was transformed into embryos by bombardment as described by Chen et al (). Regenerated seedlings were grown at 15°C under a 12‐hr light/12‐hr dark photoperiod for 1 week and maintained at 22/18°C under a 16‐hr light/8‐hr dark photoperiod.…”

“…Whole immature embryos (1.0 ± 0.2 mm) were isolated and placed on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the dark. The TaGAPC-Ri plasmid was transformed into embryos by bombardment as described by Chen et al (2014).…”

Transformation of Cardamom with the RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase Gene of Cardamom mosaic virus

“…5 Transgenic wheat with the NIb gene of Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) has shown resistance against the WYMV was not due to NIb derived siRNA but due to disruption of a host gene required for WYMV infection. 6 Similar resistance mechanism is observed for PVY in the transgenic potato with truncated NIb gene. 7 Here we report the bombardment of NIb gene of CdMV along with marker genes (Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and BAR (bialaphos resistance encodes for Phosphinothricin Acetyl Transferase that detoxifies phosphinothricin (PPT)) into embryogenic calli derived from the high yielding "Green gold" variety of cardamom.…”

“…The RNA dependent RNA polymerase has been used for potyvirus resistance in many crops. [3][4][5][6][7] The production of cardamom in India has been greatly affected by Cardamom mosaic virus. 2 "Green-gold" variety of cardamom has been reported to be a high-yielding variety.…”

Current status and trends of wheat genetic transformation studies in China

“…While the integration of various viral sequences into their host plant genomes has proved to be effective in preventing or reducing the infection of many viruses (Gottula et al 2009). Recently, Chen et al (2014) transformed a hairpin RNA construct derived from viral NIb8 gene into wheat plants, and small RNAs produced in transgenic wheat plants conferred durable field resistance to wheat yellow mosaic virus infection. For damage by insects, maize viviparous 1 gene and cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene were transformed into wheat to increase the insect resistance (Bi et al 2006;Huang et al 2012).…”