Retracted: Cytosolic glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase 2/5/6 increase drought tolerance via stomatal movement and reactive oxygen species scavenging in wheat

Abstract

Drought is a major threat to wheat growth and crop productivity. However, there has been only limited success in developing drought‐hardy cultivars. This lack of progress is due, at least in part, to a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in wheat. Here, we evaluated the potential role of three cytosolic glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenases (TaGAPC2/5/6) under drought stress in wheat and Arabidopsis. We found that TaGAPC2/5/6 all positively responded to drought stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and stomatal movement. The results of yeast co‐transformation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that TaWRKY33 acted as a direct regulator of TaGAPC2/5/6 genes. The dual luciferase reporter assay indicated that TaWRKY33 positively activated the expression of TaGAPC2/5/6. The results of bimolecular fluorescence complementation and yeast two‐hybrid system demonstrated that TaGAPC2/5/6 interacted with phospholipase Dδ (PLDδ). We then demonstrated that TaGAPC2/5/6 positively promoted the activity of TaPLDδ in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, lower PLDδ activity in RNAi wheat could lead to less PA accumulation, causing higher stomatal aperture sizes under drought stress. In summary, our results establish a new positive regulatory mechanism of TaGAPCs which helps wheat fine‐tune their drought responses.

Regulatory module WRKY33‐ATL31‐IRT1 mediates cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis

“…Consistently, we found that WRKY33 exhibited a similar expression pattern to ATL31 and the expression levels of both genes were enhanced by Cd stress (Figures 1c,d, and 5g,h). Several studies have shown that WRKY33 acts not only as a positive regulator of salt tolerance (Jiang & Deyholos, 2009), thermo tolerance (Li et al, 2011), and systemic acquired resistance (Y. Wang et al, 2018), but as a negative regulator of SA accumulation and signalling as well (Birkenbihl et al, 2012; Zhang et al, 2019). Our results suggest that WRKY33 and ATL31 act synergistically by tightly controlling IRT1 homoeostasis in response to Cd stress and by regulating plant growth and development.…”

Rehydration Compensation of Winter Wheat Is Mediated by Hormone Metabolism and De-Peroxidative Activities Under Field Conditions

“…Almost all abiotic stresses lead to the regulation of secondary oxidative stress stimulatory signals in a tissue-specific or even cell-specific manner ( Chaves and Oliveira, 2004 ). Increases in the corresponding enzyme activities under stress conditions protects plant cells from oxidative damage ( Chen et al, 2017 ; Zhang L. et al, 2020 ). To protect enzyme systems and membranes from lipid peroxidation, SOD, POD, and MDA activities increased at each growth stage after drought stress ( Gill and Tuteja, 2010 ; Abid et al, 2018 ).…”

Comparative Proteomics at the Critical Node of Vigor Loss in Wheat Seeds Differing in Storability

“…In the present study, sharp upregulation in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase involved in the transfer of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate, was only abundant above the CN in embryos of aged ST seeds (Table 1). Cytoplasmic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase can be induced under many stress conditions, such as anoxia and salt toxicity, and is involved in seed aging (Zhang et al, 2020). Cytoplasmic glucose-6-phosphate isomerase was also upregulated significantly only above the CN in embryos of aged ST seeds (Table 1).…”