Durable and high-efficiency casein-derived phosphorus-nitrogen-rich flame retardants for cotton fabrics

Abstract

A casein derivative (CADP) was synthesized using casein, which is bifunctional containing both -P=O(O -NH 4 + ) 2 reactive groups and -P(=O)-O-C-groups, and the durable ame-retardant cotton fabrics were successfully prepared by CADP. The -P=O(O -NH 4 + ) 2 reactive groups allowed CADP to be rmly grafted onto cellulose. The -P(=O)-O-C-groups made ame-retardant cotton fabrics more resistant to soaping and improved its durability. The modi cation by 40% CADP increased the limited oxygen index value (LOI) of cotton fabric from 17.4% to 41.6%, which maintained at 26.4% after 50 cycles of home machine washes. The results of TG, TG-FTIR and SEM indicated that CADP increased the condensed components and decreased the ammable gaseous compounds, resulting the positive effect on char formation of cellulose. The whiteness and tensile strength of cotton fabrics were retained well after modi cation, and the treated cotton fabrics didn't have skin irritation.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and N-Methylol Dimethyl Phosphonopropion Amide (MDPA) System for Flame Retardant Cotton Fabrics

“…The peak due to P=O is centered at 1250 cm −1 , while the peak centered at 884 cm −1 is associated with the P-O bond. Furthermore, the presence of the amide group can be confirmed by the peaks at 1624 cm −1 (amide vibration) and 1528 cm −1 (amide vibration), which are evidence of flame retardant treatment on the cotton fabric [46]. Moreover, in the case of sample A and sample 23, there is a major shift of FTIR spectra in the wavenumber range of 400 cm −1 to 500 cm −1 , which can be attributed to the presence of ZnO NPs on the cotton fabric.…”

Investigation of some properties of yarns and fabrics made with different blend ratios of flame-resistant fibers

“…Our review of the literature regarding FR yarns and fabrics revealed that most studies were concerned with imparting flame resistance to fabrics during finishing processes. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] This was followed by a number of studies that investigated the properties of the yarns and fabrics made from FR fibers. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] A small number of studies examined the burning behaviors of fabrics produced from inherently FR meta-aramid and para-aramid fibers, or from their different blends.…”