Durability of wood polymer composites: Part 1. Influence of wood on the photochemical properties

Ndiaye, Diène; Fanton, Elisabeth; Morlat‐Thérias, Sandrine; Vidal, Loı ̈c; Tidjani, Adams; Gardette, Jean‐Luc

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.06.014

Cited by 78 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Therefore, it is very important to have strong bonding between wood fibers and thermoplastic polymers in order to avoid unwanted effects on the WPCs dimensional stability and mechanical properties [4]. For that reason, different surface treatments are used before improving wood/polymer adhesion in WPCs [5]. Maleic anhydride is typically used as a coupling agent in composites and different silane coupling agents are used for wood fibre surface treatments [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of accelerated weathering on the mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic composites

Kallakas¹,

Poltimäe²,

Süld³

et al. 2015

Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci.

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This research concentrates on the effect of moisture absorption and UV radiation on the mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic composites (WPC). The goal is also to evaluate the importance of wood flour fraction size on the mechanical properties of WPC and their influence on the accelerated weathering results. Wood flour reinforced composites with three different fractions of wood flour made from birch (Betula) chips were prepared. Additionally, Bleached-Chemi-Thermo-Mechanical aspen (Populus tremula) pulp (Aspen BCTMP) was used. Thermoplastics (LLDPE-g-MAH, PP) were used to prepare composites. Wood flour and BCTMP surface were treated with two different coupling agents: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and polyvinyalcohol (PVA). The WPC specimens were prepared by injection molding. Accelerated weathering tests were carried out to evaluate the influence of weathering on the mechanical and physical properties of composites. Three-point bending test and Charpy impact test were used to test mechanical properties. The test results showed that using wood flour as a filler material in composites made the WPC material more rigid and brittle. Due to the water absorption and swelling of WPC, the flexural modulus (MOE) and strength decreased and impact strength increased by making the material weaker with increasing the deflection of the WPC. The UV radiation decreased the composites flexural strength and MOE, while impact strength was increased. After the accelerated weathering cycles, cracks and voids were found on the surface of the WPC materials. After the UV radiation treatment, also the WPC colour was lightened.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of accelerated weathering on the mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic composites

Kallakas¹,

Poltimäe²,

Süld³

et al. 2015

Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci.

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“…The photo-degradation of polymers originates from excited polymer-oxygen complexes, which are mainly produced by introducing catalyst residues, hydroperoxide groups, carbonyl groups, and double bonds during polymer manufacturing (Zou et al 2008). It has been shown that lignin is the constituent of wood that is most likely to undergo photo-degradation, which leads to the radical induced depolymerization of lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose at wood surfaces (Ndiaye et al 2008). Therefore, color fading, chalking, surface roughening, cracking, damage the wood microstructure and strength weakening of materials may caused by weathering, restricting treated OPTL to specific outdoor applications (Feist 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural weathering studies of oil palm trunk lumber (OPTL) green polymer composites enhanced with oil palm shell (OPS) nanoparticles

et al. 2013

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In this study, a green composite was produced from Oil Palm Trunk Lumber (OPTL) by impregnating oil palm shell (OPS) nanoparticles with formaldehyde resin. The changes of physical, mechanical and morphological properties of the OPS nanoparticles impregnated OPTL as a result of natural weathering was investigated. The OPS fibres were ground with a ball-mill for producing nanoparticles before being mixed with the phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin at a concentration of 1, 3, 5 and 10% w/w basis and impregnated into the OPTL by vacuum-pressure method. The treated OPTL samples were exposed to natural weathering for the period of 6 and 12 months in West Java, Indonesia according to ASTM D1435-99 standard. Physical and mechanical tests were done for analyzing the changes in phenol formaldehyde-nanoparticles impregnated (PF-NPI) OPTL. FT-IR and SEM studies were done to analyze the morphological changes. The results showed that both exposure time of weathering and concentration of PF-NPI had significant impact on physical and mechanical properties of OPTL. The longer exposure of samples to weathering condition reduced the wave numbers during FT-IR test. However, all these physical, mechanical and morphological changes were significant when compared with the untreated samples or only PF impregnated samples. Thus, it can be concluded that PF-NP impregnation into OPTL improved the resistance against natural weathering and would pave the ground for improved products from OPTL for outdoor conditions.

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“…Because of their excellent performance, low cost, high dimensional stability throughout their lifetime, and high relative strength and stiffness (Stark et al 2010;, WPCs have been widely used in decking products, automotive parts, and construction products (Ashori 2008;Ndiaye et al 2008;Leu et al 2012;Arao et al 2014;Turke et al 2014;Wu et al 2014). However, the main drawback limiting wider application of WPCs is their high flammability, which is because the two main components (woodflour or fiber and plastic) are themselves flammable (Li et al 2010;Arao et al 2014;Pan et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pentaerythritol on the Properties of Wood-Flour/Polypropylene/Ammonium Polyphosphate Composite System

Wang¹,

Peng²,

Zhang³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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Intumescent, flame-retarding wood-flour/polypropylene composites (WPCs) having different ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol (APP/PER) ratios (4/1, 3/1, and 2/1) were prepared in this study. The thermal degradation behavior, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of the composites were tested. Moreover, the residues of the WPCs were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the flame retardancy mechanism was investigated. The results showed that WPC/APP/PER exhibited higher thermal stability in the high temperature region and left much more char residue than WPC/APP, according to thermogravimetric analysis. Limiting oxygen index and cone calorimetry tests showed that the addition of PER improved the flame retardancy of the WPCs, especially when APP/PER ratio was 3/1. However, because of the poor compatibility with the composite matrix and uneven dispersion in the WPCs, the incorporation of PER decreased the mechanical performance of WPCs obviously.

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Durability of wood polymer composites: Part 1. Influence of wood on the photochemical properties

Cited by 78 publications

References 16 publications

The influence of accelerated weathering on the mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic composites

The influence of accelerated weathering on the mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic composites

Natural weathering studies of oil palm trunk lumber (OPTL) green polymer composites enhanced with oil palm shell (OPS) nanoparticles

Effect of Pentaerythritol on the Properties of Wood-Flour/Polypropylene/Ammonium Polyphosphate Composite System

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