Durability Improvement of a Pt Catalyst with the Use of a Graphitic Carbon Support

Xia, Bao Yu; Wang, Jiannong; Teng, Shang Jun; Wang, Xiao Xia

doi:10.1002/chem.201000758

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Especially the small losses in ECSA for the catalysts with graphitized support (Pt/graph-C) and low surface area supports (Pt/LSA-C I and Pt/LSA-C II) all depict quite good stabilities considering their comparatively small platinum particle sizes, and the initial agglomeration and coalescence due to the very small inter-particle distances as a consequence of their low specific support surface areas. This observation is in good agreement with literature reports that emphasize the positive effect of graphitization on the resistance against carbon corrosion [23,67,84]. The effect of the surface structure of the carbon supports for fuel cell catalysts was demonstrated by Reetz et al [85] in a separate study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts

Meier¹,

Galeano²,

Katsounaros³

et al. 2014

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

457

433

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SummaryPlatinum and Pt alloy nanoparticles supported on carbon are the state of the art electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. To develop a better understanding on how material design can influence the degradation processes on the nanoscale, three specific Pt/C catalysts with different structural characteristics were investigated in depth: a conventional Pt/Vulcan catalyst with a particle size of 3–4 nm and two Pt@HGS catalysts with different particle size, 1–2 nm and 3–4 nm. Specifically, Pt@HGS corresponds to platinum nanoparticles incorporated and confined within the pore structure of the nanostructured carbon support, i.e., hollow graphitic spheres (HGS). All three materials are characterized by the same platinum loading, so that the differences in their performance can be correlated to the structural characteristics of each material. The comparison of the activity and stability behavior of the three catalysts, as obtained from thin film rotating disk electrode measurements and identical location electron microscopy, is also extended to commercial materials and used as a basis for a discussion of general fuel cell catalyst design principles. Namely, the effects of particle size, inter-particle distance, certain support characteristics and thermal treatment on the catalyst performance and in particular the catalyst stability are evaluated. Based on our results, a set of design criteria for more stable and active Pt/C and Pt-alloy/C materials is suggested.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts

Meier¹,

Galeano²,

Katsounaros³

et al. 2014

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

457

433

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In particular, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanohorns, and other carbon nanomaterials have been widely investigated due to their chemical inertness, low background current, relatively wide potential window, high surface area, and good electrical conductivity. Numerous studies have shown that these hybrid materials have a pronounced electrochemical response towards ascorbic acid (AA) [1], dopamine (DA) [2], uric acid (UA) [3], β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) [4], glucose [5,6], hydrogen peroxide [7,8], and methanol [9][10][11]. Although great progress has been made in the use/application of these carbon nanomaterials, the search for new carbon nanomaterials continues, in order to improve their electrochemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium citrate: A universal reducing agent for reduction / decoration of graphene oxide with au nanoparticles

et al. 2011

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A facile method is proposed for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (RGONS) and Au nanoparticle-reduced graphene oxide nanosheet (Au-RGONS) hybrid materials, using graphene oxide (GO) as precursor and sodium citrate as reductant and stabilizer. The resulting RGONS and Au-RGONS hybrid materials were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the RGONS and Au-RGONS hybrid materials formed stable colloidal dispersions through hydrogen bonds between the residual oxygen-containing functionalities on the surface of RGONS and the hydroxyl/carboxyl groups of sodium citrate. The electrochemical responses of RGONS and Au-RGONS hybrid material-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) to three kinds of biomolecules were investigated, and all of them showed a remarkable increase in electrochemical performance relative to a bare GCE.

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“…Fundamental understanding and deliberate control of structural and morphological changes of catalytically active metal nanoparticles [1][2][3] under reactive conditions is of general importance for a wide range of reaction processes in heterogeneous and electrochemical catalysis, such as the water-gas shift reaction, [4] NO oxidation, [5] ammonia decomposition, [6] hydrodesulfurization, [7] methanation, [8] oxygen evolution, [9] or the oxygen reduction reaction. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] The long-term durability and-associated with it-the activity of metal-nanoparticle catalysts are controlled by diverse effects pertaining to loss of catalytic surface area, such as particle coalescence, particle agglomeration, or to a loss of active catalytic centers caused by changes in the catalyst structure, by decomposition of catalysts, or by site poisoning. In particular, metal-particle growth is a very common reason of catalyst deactivation leading to reduced catalyst dispersions and metal-atom utilization and hence results in reduced metal-mass-based activity and catalytic active surface area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Observation of the Thermally Induced Growth of Platinum‐Nanoparticle Catalysts Using High‐Temperature X‐ray Diffraction

Hasché¹,

Oezaslan²,

Strasser³

2012

ChemPhysChem

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Fundamental understanding about the thermal stability of nanoparticles and deliberate control of structural and morphological changes under reactive conditions is of general importance for a wide range of reaction processes in heterogeneous and electrochemical catalysis. Herein, we present a parametric study of the thermal stability of carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles at 80 °C and 160 °C, with an initial particle size below 3 nm, using in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD). The effects on the thermal stability of carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles are investigated with control parameters such as Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area, metal loading, temperature, and gas environment. We demonstrate that the growth rate exhibits a complex, nonlinear behavior and is largely controlled by the temperature, the initial particle size, and the interparticle distance. In addition, an ex situ transmission electron microscopy study was performed to verify our results obtained from the in situ HT-XRD study.

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Durability Improvement of a Pt Catalyst with the Use of a Graphitic Carbon Support

Cited by 30 publications

References 66 publications

Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts

Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts

Sodium citrate: A universal reducing agent for reduction / decoration of graphene oxide with au nanoparticles

In Situ Observation of the Thermally Induced Growth of Platinum‐Nanoparticle Catalysts Using High‐Temperature X‐ray Diffraction

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