Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts

Meier, J.; Galeano, Carolina; Katsounaros, Ioannis; Witte, Jonathon; Bongard, Hans‐Josef; Topalov, Angel Angelov; Baldizzone, Claudio; Mezzavilla, Stefano; Schüth, Ferdi; Mayrhofer, Karl Johann Jakob

doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.5

Cited by 441 publications

(447 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Meier et al proposed one of these methods, which as a rule-of-thumb is an estimate for AID (adapted here for carbon supported zirconia nanoparticles) (Eq. 4) [38]:…”

Section: Variation Of Zro 2 Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis optimization of carbon-supported ZrO2 nanoparticles from different organometallic precursors

et al. 2017

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We report here the synthesis of carbon-supported ZrO 2 nanoparticles from zirconium oxyphthalocyanine (ZrOPc) and acetylacetonate [Zr(acac) 4 ]. Using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), we could investigate the thermal decomposition behavior of the chosen precursors. According to those results, we chose the heat treatment temperatures (T HT ) using partial oxidizing (PO) and reducing (RED) atmosphere. By X-ray diffraction we detected structure and size of the nanoparticles; the size was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. ZrO 2 formation happens at lower temperature with Zr(acac) 4 than with ZrOPc, due to the lower thermal stability and a higher oxygen amount in Zr(acac) 4 . Using ZrOPc at T HT C900°C, PO conditions facilitate the crystallite growth and formation of distinct tetragonal ZrO 2 , while with Zr(acac) 4 a distinct tetragonal ZrO 2 phase is observed already at T HT C750°C in both RED and PO conditions. Tuning of ZrO 2 nanocrystallite size from 5 to 9 nm by varying the precursor loading is also demonstrated. The chemical state of zirconium was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which confirms ZrO 2 formation from different synthesis routes.

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“…Meier et al proposed one of these methods, which as a rule-of-thumb is an estimate for AID (adapted here for carbon supported zirconia nanoparticles) (Eq. 4) [38]:…”

Section: Variation Of Zro 2 Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis optimization of carbon-supported ZrO2 nanoparticles from different organometallic precursors

et al. 2017

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“…[13] Platinum nanoparticles deposited onto powdered carbon substrates are widely used electrocatalysts in FCs. [6,14,15] Carbon as electrocatalyst support has disadvantages, mainly due to low stability and low resistivity to corrosion. [4,16,17] These disadvantages cause the loss of the electrochemically active surface area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TiO2 From Colloidal Dispersion as Support in Pt/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Applications

Košević¹,

Šekularac²,

Živković³

et al. 2017

Croat. Chem. Acta

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TiO2 powder was synthesized by a forced hydrolysis process and used for the synthesis of Pt/TiO2 composite that is to be foreseen as an advanced electrode material. Pt was incorporated into the synthesized TiO2 from a Pt colloidal dispersion as a precursor prepared by a microwave-assisted polyol process. Physicochemical properties of TiO2 and TiO2-supported Pt were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and X-ray spectroscopy and diffraction techniques. The properties of Pt/TiO2 composite are correlated to the basic voltammetric response of its thin-layer form. It was found that subsequent thermal treatment of synthesized TiO2, which caused crystallization into mainly rutile phase, is required for appropriate Pt incorporation. Although being appropriately loaded by Pt, and the voltammetric response is typical for Pt-based material, the voltammetry of Pt/TiO2 corresponded to much lower loadings. The possibility for Pt particles to be trapped inside TiO2 agglomerates is indicated. The catalyst usage from the synthesized Pt/TiO2 was found quite moderate due to this trapping.

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“…The graphitized 3D interconnected mesoporous network offered not only a high degree of graphitization, but also a high specic surface area and stabilization by Pt connement to the pores, which results in a highly active and stable catalyst. 129 Similarly, a hollow carbon nanocage was developed with a high degree of graphitization and concurrent nitrogen doping for oxidation resistance enhancement, uniform deposition of ne Pt particles, and strong Pt-support interaction. 130 Testing under conditions of practical fuel cell operation reveals almost no degradation over long-term cycling.…”

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confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of Pt electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: Nanostructure, activity, mechanism and carbon support in PEM fuel cells

et al. 2017

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A comprehensive review of Pt electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: nanostructure, activity, mechanism and carbon support in PEM fuel cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 5 (5). pp. 1808 -1825 . ISSN 2050 Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40957/1/Journal%20of%20Materials%20Chemistry%20A %EF%BC%88C6TA08580F%20-%20corrected%20proofs%20-final%EF%BC%89.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the University of Nottingham End User licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/end_user_agreement.pdf A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Translation errors between word-processor files and typesetting systems can occur so the whole proof needs to be read. Please pay particular attention to: tabulated material; equations; numerical data; figures and graphics; and references. If you have not already indicated the corresponding author(s) please mark their name(s) with an asterisk. Please e-mail a list of corrections or the PDF with electronic notes attached -do not change the text within the PDF file or send a revised manuscript. Corrections at this stage should be minor and not involve extensive changes. All corrections must be sent at the same time.Please bear in mind that minor layout improvements, e.g. in line breaking, table widths and graphic placement, are routinely applied to the final version.We will publish articles on the web as soon as possible after receiving your corrections; n no late corrections will be made. The sluggish rate of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells has been a major challenge. Significantly increasing efforts have been made worldwide towards a highly active ORR catalyst with high durability. Among all the catalysts exploited, Pt electrocatalysts are still the best in terms of a comprehensive evaluation. The investigation of Pt-based ORR catalysts is necessary for a practical ORR catalyst with low Pt content. This paper reviews recent progress in the studies of the mechanism, nanostructure, size effect and carbon supports of Pt electrocatalysts for the ORR. The importance of the size and structure control of Pt ORR catalysts, related with carbon support materials, is indicated. The potential methods for such control are discussed. The progress in theoretical studies and in situ catalyst characterization are also discussed. Finally, challenges and future developments are addressed.

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Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts

Cited by 441 publications

References 89 publications

Synthesis optimization of carbon-supported ZrO2 nanoparticles from different organometallic precursors

Synthesis optimization of carbon-supported ZrO2 nanoparticles from different organometallic precursors

TiO2 From Colloidal Dispersion as Support in Pt/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Applications

A comprehensive review of Pt electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: Nanostructure, activity, mechanism and carbon support in PEM fuel cells

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