Durability evaluation of electrochromic devices – an industry perspective

Lampert, Carl M.; Agrawal, Anoop; Baertlien, C; Nagai, Junichi

doi:10.1016/s0927-0248(98)00185-8

Cited by 106 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In general, the density of oxide thin films depends strongly on the film deposition parameters, which can tailor the relative packing density value of the films. Here, the relative packing density of the metal oxide thin films is defined as the relative density to ideally packed bulk vanadium pentoxide with ρ bulk = 3.36 g/cm 3 . To compare the results quantitatively, the relative packing density of the films is calculated using Lorentz-Lorentz relation expressed as follows:…”

Section: Surface Morphological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, ‛renewable energy' researcher's community has been striving for the best alternatives to reduce the consumption of 'electrical energy' and triggered their research towards electrochromic window technology. A unique property of thin-film system 'to change colour due to an applied external impulse and change back to their original state by removing of external impulse' is coined as chromism [3]. At present, the significance has been boosted with the realisation that the phenomena of chromism are of much interest in the fenestration technology as a means to achieve energy-saving benefits by controlling the performance by responding to the variation of brightness of the environment [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectroscopic and electrochromic properties of activated reactive evaporated nano-crystalline V2O5 thin films grown on flexible substrates

2013

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Vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) thin films were grown on indium tin oxide-coated flexible Kapton substrates by homebuilt activated reactive evaporation technique. Film depositions were carried out at optimised oxygen partial pressure of 1 × 10 −3 Torr and plasma power of 8 W, and we investigated their microstructural and optoelectrochromic properties as a function of substrate temperature. The V 2 O 5 films grown at T s = 473 K exhibited a nano-crystalline nature as evidenced from X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and Raman studies. The nanocrystalline films composed of vertical elliptical-shaped grainy morphology demonstrated a high optical transmittance of 75% with an estimated optical bandgap of 2.38 eV. The dry lithiated nano-crystalline V 2 O 5 films demonstrated an optical modulation of 36.1% with a coloration efficiency value of 26.2 cm 2 /C at a wavelength of 550 nm. As-deposited nano-crystalline V 2 O 5 thin films demonstrated a constant discharge capacity of about 60 μAh cm −2 μm −1 for a few cycles at room temperature in the potential window of 4.0 to 2.5 V.

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Section: Surface Morphological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic and electrochromic properties of activated reactive evaporated nano-crystalline V2O5 thin films grown on flexible substrates

2013

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“…loss (iii) control air-flow, (iv) deflect daylight deep into a room and/or (v) provide reduced noise transmission [12][13][14]. A switchable transparency glazing can be actuated electrically or non-electrically [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Electrically-actuated glazings include AC-powered suspended particle devices (SPD) and DC powered electrochromic (EC) devices [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A switchable transparency glazing can be actuated electrically or non-electrically [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Electrically-actuated glazings include AC-powered suspended particle devices (SPD) and DC powered electrochromic (EC) devices [18]. Electrically-actuated SPD glazing can provide control of solar heat gain and glare in building fenestration applications [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sky conditions on light transmission through a suspended particle device switchable glazing

Ghosh¹,

Norton²,

Duffy³

2017

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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. (2017) Effect of sky conditions on light transmission through a suspended particle device switchable glazing. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Volume 160, February 2017, Pages 134-140. doi:10.1016/ j.solmat.2016 ABSTRACTA suspended particle device (SPD) switchable glazing changes its state from opaque to transparent in the presence of a power supply. SPD glazing's near normal transmission varies with incident angle and clearness index. Due to a lower diffuse component, higher glazing transmission ensues at higher clearness indices. Transmittance values for different azimuthal incident angle for a SPD glazing for its "transparent" and "opaque" states have been determined. In Dublin, below 0.5 clearness index, isotropic diffuse transmittance was prevailed while transmission of direct insolation was dominant above 0.5 clearness index. For south facing vertical plane SPD glazing transmittance in its transparent and opaque states are 0.25 and 0.025 respectively while clearness index is below 0.5.

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“…In residential buildings, a crucial requirement for EC window applications is that its lifetime be more than 20 years. Because it is impractical to wait for results from realtime testing, considerable work has been directed toward examining the durability of EC windows by using accelerated life testing (ACLT) [7][8][9][10][11]. In addition to the choice of an appropriate EC window design, another important purpose of these activities is to elucidate the degradation mechanisms in these windows such that manufacturers can modify their design and extend the lifetime of the product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated durability testing of electrochromic windows

Tracy

Zhang

Benson

et al. 1999

Electrochimica Acta

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Prototype electrochromic windows made by several different U.S. companies have been tested in our laboratory for their long-term durability. Samples were subjected to alternate coloring and bleaching voltage cycles while exposed to simulated on 1-sun irradiance in a temperature-controlled environmental chamber with low relative humidity. The samples inside the chamber were tested under a matrix of different conditions. These conditions include:cycling at different temperatures (65°C, 85°C, and 107°C) under the irradiance, cycling versus no-cycling under the same irradiance and temperature, testing with different voltage waveforms and duty cycles with the same irradiance and temperature, cycling under various filtered irradiance intensities, and simple thermal exposure with no irradiance or cycling. The electrooptical characteristics of the samples were measured between 350 and 1,100 nm every 4,000 cycles for up to 20,000 cycles. Photographs of the samples were taken periodically with a digital camera to record cosmetic defects, the extent of residual coloration, and overall coloration and bleaching uniformity of the samples. Our results indicate that the most important cause of degradation is the combination of continuous cycling, elevated temperature, and irradiance. The relative importance of these variables, when considered synergistically or separately, depends on the particular device materials and design.

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Durability evaluation of electrochromic devices – an industry perspective

Cited by 106 publications

References 6 publications

Spectroscopic and electrochromic properties of activated reactive evaporated nano-crystalline V2O5 thin films grown on flexible substrates

Spectroscopic and electrochromic properties of activated reactive evaporated nano-crystalline V2O5 thin films grown on flexible substrates

Effect of sky conditions on light transmission through a suspended particle device switchable glazing

Accelerated durability testing of electrochromic windows

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