Duodenal control of gastric emptying in the milk‐fed calf.

Abstract

SUMMARY1. It has been ascertained experimentally that an open duodenal cannula does not cause any marked variation in emptying of the abomasum when compared to the rate of emptying of the normal viscus or when the cannulae are closed.2. Duodenal re-entrant cannulae provide a preparation whereby it is possible to infuse the duodenum via the distal cannula and to collect simultaneously the effluent fluid of the abomasum from the proximal arm of the cannula (Fig. 1).3. With this preparation the duodenal infusate is not contaminated by the gastric effluent and thus the duodenal stimulus can be restricted to the single non-varying effect of the infusate. 4. In the milk-fed calf using this preparation the following facts have been established.(a) On infusion into the duodenum, hypotonic and isotonic solutions of sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate increase abomasal emptying; bicarbonate being the more effective stimulus.(b) Potassium chloride, calcium chloride, glucose and hydrochloric acid inhibit gastric emptying when infused into the duodenum.(c) Ammonium chloride, urea, lactose and acetic acid have little effect.

The effect of duodenal infusion on the electromyogram of gastric muscle during activation and inhibition of gastric emptying.

“…The use of re-entrant cannulae has proved to be of great value in elucidating the effects of simple molecules in the duodenum controlling gastric motility (Bell & Mostaghni, 1975). In this type of experiment the duodenum of the calf can be separately infused to test the effects of known solutions without interfering with the ability of the stomach to empty a standard water test meal.…”

“…In the second series the animal preparation was as in the first series but with the addition of duodenal re-entrant cannulae (Bell & Mostaghni, 1975). In this series the test meal was always distilled water with phenol red marker so that the total amount emptied from the stomach could be measured during the test meal period (45 min) but the output from the stomach could also be-measured conveniently by collecting directly the volume leaving the proximal cannula (see Plate 1).…”

“…The surgical procedures for the fitment of abomasal cannulae have been described by Bell & Razig (1973a), duodenal cannulae by Bell & Mostaghni (1975) and for placement of the electroenterographic electrodes by Grivel & Ruckebusch (1972). The experimental animals were usually prepared when they were 10 days old and experiments commenced 7 days later.…”

“…The latter experiments showed clearly that it was the nature of the duodenal infusate that controlled gastric emptying irrespective of what the composition of the gastric contents might be (Bell & Mostaghni, 1972;Bell & Mostaghni, 1975). The introduction of surgically implanted fine wire electrodes by Ruckebusch, Grivel & Santini (1968) has now provided a simple means of recording electroenterograms from multiple sites in the gastrointestinal tract of conscious animals.…”

Effects of soya-bean products on digestive processes in the gastrointestinal tract of preruminant calves

“…This concept is based available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS19820007 mainly on studies in man and some monogastric animals, but there is some information suggesting that gut hormones are involved in regulating motile and secretory processes in the calf (Bell, 1979). In calves receiving large amounts of soya-bean flour in their diet, synthesis of these endocrines, which occurs in mucosal cells (Polak & Bloom, 1980), may be affected by tissue damage of the gut wall (Barratt et al 1978).…”