Dunia Islam Abad 19: Penetrasi Kolonial Barat

Abstract

The world of Islam in Umayyah and Abbasiyyah Dynasties was in the hand of a single leader, however since the 10th century raised a new development by the presence of new leaders who was appointed by Khalifah as the vice leader in some Islamic worlds who were finally became the independent leader. Also, there were some leaders who against the Abbasiyah Khalifah and declared themselves as the conquers of Islamic worlds, such as Umayyah Dynasty in Spain, Fatimiah Dynasty in the North Africa, and the establishments of three well‐known kingdoms: Turki Usmani, Safawi, and Mughal in India with its own glory and victory. Unfortunately, the victory of Islam began to lose its glow in the 19th century when the Islamic world was politically collapse and became worse as accordance with the raise of west from the Dark Ages into light which supports freedom and science that contrast with the Islamic world in colonialism