Dulse‐derived porous carbon–polyaniline nanocomposite electrode for high‐performance supercapacitors

Abstract

Dulse-derived porous carbon (DDPC)-polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites were fabricated by a method based on the in situ chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline on DDPC. The characterization of the material showed that the nano-PANI was grown on the surface of DDPC in the form of nanosticks or nanoparticles. The DDPC-PANI nanocomposites were further used as electrode materials for energy-storage applications. Meanwhile, the effect of the amount of aniline on the electrochemical performance of DDPC-PANI was also investigated. The results show that a maximum specific capacitance of 458 F/g was achieved for the DDPC-PANI nanocomposites; this was higher than that of the DDPC electrode (218 F/g), and the PANI electrode (318 F/g). The specific capacitance of DDPC-PANI remained 66.0% of the initial value after 5000 cycles; this was higher than that of PANI (50.5%). Finally, a device of DDPC-PANI-activated carbon (AC) was assembled with DDPC-PANI as a positive electrode, which exhibited a high energy density of 9.02 W h/kg, which was higher than that of PANI-AC device.

In situ polymerization and reduction to fabricate gold nanoparticle‐incorporated polyaniline as supercapacitor electrode materials

“…The presence of the characteristic peaks of PANI indicated the successful polymerization of aniline, and FTIR spectra of the 4 samples of AuNP/PANI nanocomposites were similar to that of pristine PANI. A broad peak at ~3431 cm −1 because of the ─OH group, which was assigned to water adsorbed by the sample, and the peak at position of ~2921 and ~2850 cm −1 were expressed as asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibration of ─CH band . The characteristic bands at ~1580 cm −1 was attributed to C═N and C═C stretching of quinoid diimine unit while the band near ~1478 cm −1 was assigned to the C─C aromatic ring stretching of benzenoid diamine unit .…”

“…A broad peak at~3431 cm −1 because of the ─OH group, which was assigned to water adsorbed by the sample, and the peak at position of~2921 and~2850 cm −1 were expressed as asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibration of ─CH band. 55 The characteristic bands at~1580 cm −1 was attributed to C═N and C═C stretching of quinoid diimine unit while the band near~1478 cm −1 was assigned to the C─C aromatic ring stretching of benzenoid diamine unit. 56 The peak at~1403 cm −1 was ascribed to C─H scissoring vibrations.…”

“…The 2 pairs of redox peaks were observed in the CV curves of all the obtained samples, which located at the potentials of around 0.236/0.008 V (C1/A1) and 0.490/0.450 V (C2/A2) (Figure A). The first couple of peaks C1/A1 were because of the redox transition of PANI between a semiconducting state (leucoemeraldine form) and a conducting state (polaronic emeraldine form), and the second couple of peaks C2/A2 were attributed to the emeraldine‐pernigraniline transformation . The 2 pairs of peaks indicated the pseudocapacitive bahavior and nonlinear relationship between the potential and time observed from GCD curves (Figure B).…”

Hierarchical porous polyaniline supercapacitor electrode from polyaniline/silica self‐ aggregates

“…Because electrodes are crucial for supercapacitors, electrode materials have attracted special attention from researchers in the fields of material science and energy storage. Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most promising materials for supercapacitor electrodes, with low cost, environmental friendliness, ease of polymerization and controllable conductivity . PANI can store and release energy through redox processes .…”

“…Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most promising materials for supercapacitor electrodes, with low cost, environmental friendliness, ease of polymerization and controllable conductivity. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] PANI can store and release energy through redox processes. [5][6][7][8] Additionally, the redox processes occur simultaneously with the insertion/extraction of ions (ion mobility).…”