Dually emissive P,N-co-doped carbon dots for fluorescent and photoacoustic tissue imaging in living mice

Parvin, Nargish; Mandal, Tapas K.

doi:10.1007/s00604-017-2108-4

Cited by 91 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the same year, Krishna et al used citric acid, PEG diamine, and glycerin to synthesize CDs and functionalize them with digitonin for cholesterol detection and imaging [ 109 ]. A mixture of phosphoric acid, citric acid, and ethylenediamine was used by Parvin et al to synthesized N, P co-doped CDs via hydrothermal treatment and used for bioimaging of RAW 264.7 cells [ 110 ]. Borse et al used urea, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) derived CDs for bioimaging in L929 cells.…”

Section: Applications Of Cdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small molecules derived carbon dots: synthesis and applications in sensing, catalysis, imaging, and biomedicine

2019

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Carbon dots (CDs) are the new fellow of carbon family having a size less than 10 nm and attracted much attention of researchers since the last decade because of their unique characteristics, such as inexpensive and facile synthesis methods, easy surface modification, excellent photoluminescence, outstanding water solubility, and low toxicity. Due to these unique characteristics, CDs have been extensively applied in different kind of scientific disciplines. For example in the photocatalytic reactions, drug-gene delivery system, in vitro and in vivo bioimaging, chemical and biological sensing as well as photodynamic and photothermal therapies. Mainly two types of methods are available in the literature to synthesize CDs: the top-down approach, which refers to breaking down a more massive carbon structure into nanoscale particles; the bottom-up approach, which refers to the synthesis of CDs from smaller carbon units (small organic molecules). Many review articles are available in the literature regarding the synthesis and applications of CDs. However, there is no such review article describing the synthesis and complete application of CDs derived from small organic molecules together. In this review, we have summarized the progress of research on CDs regarding its synthesis from small organic molecules (bottom-up approach) via hydrothermal/solvothermal treatment, microwave irradiation, ultrasonic treatment, and thermal decomposition techniques as well as applications in the field of bioimaging, drug/gene delivery system, fluorescence-based sensing, photocatalytic reactions, photo-dynamic therapy (PDT) and photo-thermal (PTT) therapy based on the available literature. Finally, the challenges and future direction of CDs are discussed.

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Section: Applications Of Cdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small molecules derived carbon dots: synthesis and applications in sensing, catalysis, imaging, and biomedicine

2019

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“…Therefore, it is important to grow the biomedical applications of C‐dots like tumor detection. [ 142 ]…”

Section: Applications Of Multicolor Cdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Biomedical Applications of Multicolor Carbon Dots: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

Huo

Karmaker

Liu

et al. 2020

Part & Part Syst Charact

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as 0D and discrete, quasispherical nanoparticles with the characteristic size of less than 10 nm in shape. In the past few decades, many researchers have been intrigued by overwhelming application of CDs in fields other than solar photovoltaics, [23][24][25] semiconductor photocatalysis, [26] or light-emitting materials, [27][28][29] like in bioimaging, [30][31][32][33] drug delivery/ release, [34][35][36] theranostics, [37] and biosensing/bioassay. [38][39][40] Albeit with biological imaging agents in vitro and in vivo, heavy metals as the essential elements for the core materials of available high-performance semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) exist substantial toxicity, carcinogenic effects, and environmental hazard, even at low levels. [41][42][43][44][45] Historically, boasting the natural virtues of fascinating optical properties (e.g., up/down-conversion and excitation-dependent fluorescence emission, high fluorescence quantum yields (QY), and long fluorescence lifetime), eco-friendliness, high waterdispersible peculiarity, easy surface-functionality, low cost, highly abundant, and inexpensive raw materials, noninvasiveness, low cytotoxicity, and good biocompatibility afford CDs suitable as the elegant alternatives for toxic QDs containing heavy metals. [46][47][48][49] On the other hand, the CDs have excellent photostability against photobleaching and photoblinking as compared with the conventional organic dyes (typically fluorescein and rhodamine B). [50] In particular, multicolor CDs exhibit tunable photoluminescence by exciting the identical CDs, allowing for multimodal biophotosensitizer in biological field without interference from background autofluorescence. In this review, we aim to systematically offer a summary of preparing multicolor CDs and its various biomedical applications, mainly including for bioimaging, drug delivery/release, theranostics, and biosensing/bioassay, highlighting the complete horizons of multiplexed quantitative detection, high-resolution fluorescence imaging, and long-term, real-time monitoring of multicolor CDs.Multicolor carbon dots (CDs) as an emerging subclass of carbonaceous nanomaterials have inspired intensive attention due to the fascinating fluorogenic properties of quantum dots, exhibiting great potential applications in the biomedical field. In some cases, reported CDs with blue or green fluorescence are not desirable for further biological applications owing to the conflicting background autofluorescence, low penetration, and relatively large damage to biological tissue. However, multicolor CDs that can work in the longer wavelength region are being developed to address this issue by overcoming the autofluorescence from the cellular components (usually in the blue and green range). In this review, the development of multicolor CDs is described comprehensively, including for red-emissive or NIR-emissive CDs. Additionally, the preparation methods of multicolor CDs are summarized. Moreover, the factors affecting the luminescence of multicolor CDs are discussed in de...

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“…[149] CDs were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis of a solution consisting of ethylene diamine, phosphoric and citric acids under ambient pressure, and the resultant CDs had emissions in green (QY = 30%) and red (QY = 78%) wavelengths under different excitation wavelengths, indicating their excitation-dependent PL. [149] CDs were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis of a solution consisting of ethylene diamine, phosphoric and citric acids under ambient pressure, and the resultant CDs had emissions in green (QY = 30%) and red (QY = 78%) wavelengths under different excitation wavelengths, indicating their excitation-dependent PL.…”

Section: Bioimagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Parvin's work, the group employed dual-emission CDs for in vitro and in vivo imaging of living tissues. [149] CDs were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis of a solution consisting of ethylene diamine, phosphoric and citric acids under ambient pressure, and the resultant CDs had emissions in green (QY = 30%) and red (QY = 78%) wavelengths under different excitation wavelengths, indicating their excitation-dependent PL. Standard toxicity assay confirmed that the CDs posed no significant toxicity threat to macrophage cells at concentrations up to 1 mg mL −1 .…”

Section: Bioimagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Near‐Infrared Light‐Responsive Nanomaterials as Therapeutic Platforms for Cancer Therapy

Chien

Chan

Anderson

et al. 2018

Advanced Therapeutics

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Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. Despite the huge progress in the field of cancer drugs and therapies, the treatment outcome is still bleak for most cancer patients. Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer therapeutics. By using nano-sized particles as delivery systems, therapeutic biomolecules are transported efficiently to the target sites. Moreover, these particles are designed to carry out multiple cancer treatments simultaneously. Near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive nanomaterials have gained much attention as NIR light has a greater penetration depth, minimal phototoxicity, lower autofluorescence, and reduced light scattering. Among the available NIR light-responsive nanomaterials, gold nanorods, upconversion nanoparticles, carbon dots, transition metal dichalcogenide, metal oxides, black phosphorus, and polymeric nanomaterials have become attractive options owing to their excellent optical properties, ease of synthesis and modification, outstanding photodynamic and photothermal conversion properties, and most importantly, favorable toxicity level and biocompatibility which are prerequisites for biological applications. In this review, the outstanding properties, synthesis, and surface functionalization of the aforementioned NIR light-responsive nanomaterials are introduced in detail. Recent advances of these nanomaterials for various cancer treatment modalities are summarized to highlight their versatility and potential in cancer theranostics. Finally, a perspective is proposed on future research directions and their clinical translation.

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Dually emissive P,N-co-doped carbon dots for fluorescent and photoacoustic tissue imaging in living mice

Cited by 91 publications

References 40 publications

Small molecules derived carbon dots: synthesis and applications in sensing, catalysis, imaging, and biomedicine

Small molecules derived carbon dots: synthesis and applications in sensing, catalysis, imaging, and biomedicine

Preparation and Biomedical Applications of Multicolor Carbon Dots: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

Advanced Near‐Infrared Light‐Responsive Nanomaterials as Therapeutic Platforms for Cancer Therapy

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