Dual Template Preparation of MFI Zeolites with Tuning Catalytic Properties in Alkylation of Mesitylene with Benzyl Alcohol

Abstract

Meso- and microporous ZSM-5 zeolites were synthesized through combination of the tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) and single quaternary ammonium surfactant (Cph–ph–10–6) as dual templates. The structure-directing ability of Cph–ph–10–6 and TPA+ was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. By tuning the molar ratios of Cph–ph–10–6/TPAOH from 5/0 to 5/8, the structure-directing effects between Cph–ph–10–6 and TPA+ could be systematically modulated, resulting in the morphology of the mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites changed from ultrathin nanosheets, through splint-like nanosheets, to condensed packing plates. In addition, the hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites exhibited a greater catalytic activity in alkylation of mesitylene with benzyl alcohol compared with conventional ZSM-5 zeolite. The fine control of meso- and microporous structures of ZSM-5 zeolites by a simple one-step dual template synthesis approach allows the design of the desired catalysts for a green and sustainable future.

Effect of Rice Husk Particle Size on ZSM‐5 Physico‐Chemical Properties for Selective Formation of 1,3,5‐Trimethyl‐2‐Benzylbenzene (Pharmaceutical Intermediate)

“…1,3,5‐trimethyl‐2‐benzylbenzene is the desired product. However, formation of other side products such as 1,3,5‐trimethylbenzene‐2,4‐dibenzylbenzene and dibenzyl ether is also reported in literature [16,27] . Dibenzyl ether is formed through self‐etherification reaction of benzyl alcohol.…”

“…However, formation of other side products such as 1,3,5- trimethylbenzene-2,4-dibenzylbenzene and dibenzyl ether is also reported in literature. [16,27] Dibenzyl ether is formed through self-etherification reaction of benzyl alcohol. In this work, 100 % selective formation of 1,3,5-trimethyl-2-benzylben-zene was noticed in all reactions and it was confirmed by GC-MS.…”

State of the Art and Perspectives of Hierarchical Zeolites: Practical Overview of Synthesis Methods and Use in Catalysis

“…C 6 H 5 C 6 H 4 OC 10 H 20 N(CH 3 ) 2 C 6 H 13 , in a dual templating synthesis method to create various bodies of ZSM‐5 nanosheets (e.g., ultrathin ZSM‐5 nanosheets, split‐like nanosheets and condensed packing plates), depending on the precise ratios of the templates. [ 224 ] Other nanosheets were produced by using TPAOH in combination with octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (C 18 TMAC), CTAB, or tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C 14 TMAB) in a hydrothermal synthesis. [ 225 ] An assembly of zeolite nanosheets was produced using a seed‐assisted synthesis with a bolaform surfactant (an amphilic molecule with hydrophilic groups linked with a hydrophobic alkyl chain).…”

In Situ Recrystallization of Mesoporous Carbon–Silica Composite for the Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Zeolites

“…To date, the synthetic methods mainly utilize two approaches, such as bottom-up means with templates (porous carbons, cationic polymers or surfactants, etc.) and top-down means for the extraction of alumina or silica [8][9][10][11][12]. As-made micro-meso-large-pore zeolites have some important advantages, such as their hierarchical pore system, their increased number of active sites, as well as their better diffusivity and hydrothermal and thermal stabilities.…”