Dual-Targeted Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

Abstract

Hybrid nanostructures with combined functionalities can be rationally designed to achieve synergistic effects for efficient cancer treatment. Herein, a multifunctional nanoplatform is constructed, containing an inner core of an anticancer drug MTX surrounding by a nanometer-thin layer of gold as the shell with FeO magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) evenly distributed in the gold layer, and the outermost hybrid LA-PEG-MTX molecules as surface coating agent (denoted as MFG-LPM NPs). This nanocomposite possesses very high drug loading capacity as the entire core is MTX and integrates magnetic- and active- targeting drug delivery, light-controlled drug release, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as photothermal and chemotherapy. With a strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance at 808 nm, the nanocomposite enables temperature elevation and light-triggered MTX release. In vitro cytotoxicity studies indicate that the strategy of combining therapy leads to a synergistic effect with high cancer cell killing efficacy. In consistency with this, due to the high accumulation of MFG-LPM NPs at tumor site and their combinatorial chemo-photothermal effects, 100% in vivo tumor elimination can be achieved. Additionally, in vivo MRI of tumor-bearing mice demonstrates an impressive performance of MFG-LPM NPs as a T contrast agent. Therefore, such multifunctional nanocomposite has the potential to serve as an excellent theranostic agent that collectively integrates multiple functions for efficient MRI guided cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-targeted gadolinium oxide-based multifunctional nanoparticles for dual magnetic resonance/fluorescent molecular imaging of prostate cancer

“…To improve the biocompatibility and water solubility of Gd 2 O 3 NPs, the PEGylation strategy was adopted. 15 The Gd 2 O 3 NPs then were capped with FI and PEG-2000 in DCM at room temperature to obtain Gd 2 O 3 -FI-PEG, which ensure a biocompatible and stable system and facilitate further modification.…”

Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in Targeted Drug/Gene Delivery Systems

“…Meanwhile, considering the characteristics of the coatings, the combination of chemophotothermal therapy, targeted drug delivery, MRI, and other therapeutic methods will be achieved [ 28 , 30 , 31 , 45 , 59 ]. Recently, various drugs loaded with functionalized Fe 3 O 4 NPs have been reported, and in the following sections we introduce several common drug-loaded delivery systems [ 25 , 26 , 72 , 73 ]. After being modified with diverse coating materials, the loaded drugs will be released based on different triggers, such as common pH-responsive, NIR laser-triggered, temperature-sensitive, shell-thickness-dependent, ROS-mediated cytotoxicity, microwave-triggered, interaction with DNA to produce a therapeutic effect, and low-frequency ultrasound.…”

“…Among these nanoparticles, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) are used extensively in various fields, including biotechnology [ 9 ], biosensing [ 10 ], catalysis [ 11 ], magnetic fluids [ 12 ], separation techniques [ 13 ], energy storage [ 14 ], and environmental modification [ 15 ]. Applications of Fe 3 O 4 NPs in the field of biotechnology involve targeted drug/gene delivery [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [ 20 , 21 ], contrast enhancement and hyperthermia reagents [ 22 ], biophotonics [ 23 , 24 ], and detection, diagnosis, and magnetic field–assisted radiation treatment of cancerous cells [ 25 , 26 ]. Targeted drug/gene delivery systems are particularly beneficial due to their unique magnetic properties, extremely low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, good biodegradability, and reactive surface that can be readily modified with biocompatible coatings.…”

Standing in the Shifting Sands of Molecular Targeting and Precision Medicine Is the Oasis of 21st‐Century Oncology Therapeutics

“…The holy grail of future nanoparticlebased cancer therapy is to detect cancer cells, visualize their anatomical location, and specifically deliver a payload of drugs to these cells to evade drug resistance; to specifically kill cancers cells while sparing normal cells, leading to minimal side effects; and to potentially monitor treatment effects, providing real-time feedback regarding tumor responses. 11 In clinical practice, oncology clinical pharmacologists are responsible for bringing a thorough understanding of drug therapies, toxicities, and monitoring to the multidisciplinary clinical team in health care institutions. They work closely with medical and nursing staff to maximize the benefits of drug therapy while minimizing toxicities on inpatient and outpatient bases.…”