Dual structure model.A hypothesis related to the formation of Japanese group.

Hanihara, Kazurō

doi:10.1537/ase.102.455

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Trait frequencies and dichotomic breaking points are listed in Tables 4a and 4b, respectively, for the upper and lower dentition (Turner et al, 1991). Frequencies are based on combined sexes, as a Fisher's Exact Test did not show any significant differences (at 0.05 probability level) between males and females, as also indicated by Scott (1973Scott ( , 1977Scott ( , 1980, Smith and Shegev (1988), Bermudez de Castro (1989), Turner (1990), Turner et al (1991), and Hanihara (1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Origins and spread of agriculture in Italy: A nonmetric dental analysis

Coppa

Cucina

Lucci

et al. 2007

American J Phys Anthropol

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Dental morphological traits were employed in this study as direct indicators of biological affinities among the populations that inhabited the Italian peninsula from the Upper Paleolithic-Mesolithic to Medieval times. Our analysis aims at contributing to the ongoing debate regarding the origin and spread of agriculture in the peninsula by contrasting the dental evidence of archaeological and modern molecular samples. It is not possible to generalize given the complex and dynamic nature of these populations. However, the results from the principal component analysis, maximum likelihood, mean measure of divergence, and multidimensional scaling do indicate a net separation of the Paleo-Mesolithic sample from the other groups that is not related to dental reduction. This suggests that the shift in dental morphology was the product of Neolithic populations migrating into the peninsula from other areas. Nonetheless, the Paleo-Mesolithic populations share several discriminative traits with the Neolithic group. The biological relevance of such evidence suggests that, to some minor extent, the spread of agriculture did not occur by total population replacement. Because of regional small sample sizes, this hypothesis cannot be tested on a micro-regional scale. It is, however, feasible to depict a scenario where processes of genetic mixture or replacement probably took place at different rates on a macro-regional level.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Origins and spread of agriculture in Italy: A nonmetric dental analysis

Coppa

Cucina

Lucci

et al. 2007

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…The reason for this discrepancy is not clear. Hanihara (1991) proposed the dual structure model on peopling of Japanese. According to this model, Ainu and Okinawa Japanese (Ryukyuan) originated from Jomonese, of which origins have been argued to Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our own data are the following ten populations: two Japanese populations in pink-colored circles (J1: Okinawa, J2: Nagoya), five Han Chinese populations in red-colored ellipses (HC1: Shaanxi, HC2: Hunan, HC3: Beijing, HC4: Fujian, HC5: Guangdong), two Southeast Asian populations in orange-colored ellipses (SEA1: Bangkok, SEA2: Yangon), and one European population in white-colored pentagon (EU1: England). The remaining 51 population data were from Rosenberg et al (2002): give rise to southern part of East Asia (Hanihara 1991). Contemporary Okinawa Japanese, however, are genetically much closer to Mainland Japanese than Ainu (Omoto and Saitou 1997;Tajima et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationship of the populations within and around Japan using 105 short tandem repeat polymorphic loci

Yamamoto

Yoshimoto

et al. 2005

Hum Genet

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We have analyzed 105 autosomal polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) loci for nine East and South-eastern Asian populations (two Japanese, five Han Chinese, Thai, and Burmese populations) and a Caucasian population using a multiplex PCR typing system. All the STR loci are genomewide tetranucleotide repeat markers of which the total number of observed alleles and the observed heterozygosity were 756 and 0.743, respectively, for Japanese populations. Phylogenetic analysis for these allele frequency data suggested that the Japanese populations are more closely related with southern Chinese populations than central and/or northern ones. STRUCTURE program analysis revealed the almost clearly divided and accountable population structure at K=2-6, that the two Japanese populations always formed one group separated from the other populations and never belong to different groups at K> or =3. Furthermore, our new allele frequency data for 91 loci were analyzed with those for 52 worldwide populations published by previous studies. Phylogenetic and multidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses indicated that Asian populations with large population size (six Han Chinese, three Japanese, two Southeast Asia) formed one distinct cluster and are closer to each other than other ethnic minorities in east and Southeast Asia. This pattern may be the caviar of comparing populations with greatly differing population sizes when STR loci were analyzed.

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“…Hanihara's model is primarily based on findings arising from studies on cranial and dental features (Hanihara, 1991(Hanihara, , 1992. The basic observation supporting this model is the morphological similarity of Ainus, and to some extent of Ryukyuans, to the Neolithic populations of the Jomon period, who are usually regarded as descendants of the Upper Paleolithic population of Japan represented by Minatogawa Man (Howells, 1966;Suzuki, 1982;Hanihara, 1984).…”

Section: Background Of the Dual Structure Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic origins of the Japanese: A partial support for the dual structure hypothesis

Omoto

Saitou

1997

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

166

121

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Based on the morphological characteristics of the skull and teeth, Hanihara ([1991] Japan Review 2:1-33) proposed the "dual structure model" for the formation of modern Japanese populations. We examine this model by dividing it into two independent hypotheses: 1) the Upper Paleolithic population of Japan that gave rise to the Neolithic Jomon people was of southeast Asian origin, and 2) modern Ainu and Ryukyuan (Okinawa) populations are direct descendants of the Jomon people, while Hondo (Main Island)-Japanese are mainly derived from the migrants from the northeast Asian continent after the Aeneolithic Yayoi period. Our aim is to examine the extent to which the model is supported by genetic evidence from modern populations, particularly from Japan and other Asian areas. Based on genetic distance analyses using data from up to 25 "classic" genetic markers, we find first that the three Japanese populations including Ainu and Ryukyuan clearly belong to a northeast Asian cluster group. This negates the first hypothesis of the model. Then, we find that Ainu and Ryukyuans share a group contrasting with Hondo-Japanese and Korean, supporting the second hypothesis of the model. Based on these results, we propose a modified version of the dual structure model which may explain the genetic, morphological, and archaeological evidence concerning the formation of modern Japanese populations.

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Dual structure model.A hypothesis related to the formation of Japanese group.

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Origins and spread of agriculture in Italy: A nonmetric dental analysis

Origins and spread of agriculture in Italy: A nonmetric dental analysis

Phylogenetic relationship of the populations within and around Japan using 105 short tandem repeat polymorphic loci

Genetic origins of the Japanese: A partial support for the dual structure hypothesis

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