Dual-stage thermosetting photopolymers for advanced manufacturing

Zhang, Biao; Serjouei, Ahmad; Wu, Jumiati; Li, Honggeng; Wang, Dong; Low, Hong Yee; Ge, Qi

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.128466

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Meanwhile, commercially available projectors used to construct DLP printers are considerably economical, and due to the simplistic design of most DLP orienting systems, they can be readily constructed by novice engineers, as they primarily involve only two functional components 1) a projector and 2) a Z ‐direction motor. [ 34 ] Similar to SLA printing, the degree of crosslinking of DLP printing systems is a collaborative parameter for the structural design of tunable transformation, [ 35 ] which may result in different swelling ratios, inner stresses, and mechanical properties such as compressive modulus of the printed constructs. [ 36 ] Among these printing methods, both SLA and DLP have the greatest potential to spur the development of commercial and lab‐made materials such as photocrosslinkable 4D SMPs or LCPs, which can be crosslinked with fast printing speed and excellent printing resolution.…”

Section: Printing Technologies For 4d Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging 4D Printing Strategies for Next‐Generation Tissue Regeneration and Medical Devices

et al. 2022

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printing. First introduced by Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher Skylar Tibbits during a Technology, Entertainment, Design (TED) talk in 2013, and then subsequently expanded upon in published research, [2] 4D printing has gained substantial research attention in recent years and has become the subject matter of a substantial number of recent publications (Figure 1).The additional dimension over 3D printing, namely, the 4th dimension, is a time component. [3] Therein, 4D printing can be defined as a 3D printed structure that can self-transform in shape, properties, and/or functionality when exposed to predetermined stimuli, such as light, [4] heat, applied magnetic field (MF), [5] or electrical field (EF), [6] changes in pH, [7] and/or various combinations thereof postprinting. [8] Since its invention, the 4D printing approach has been utilized for multitudinous applications, such as the fabrication of sensors, [9] actuators, [10] soft robotics, [11] biomedical scaffolds/devices, drug delivery systems, [12] and others. [13] Presently, 4D printing, which is still in its infancy, has become an exciting branch of AM and has spurred great interest from both academia and industry alike. [14] In this review article, we present a general overview of the 4D printing field and recent achievements. Our review includes the discussion on the structural design of 4D printing,The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time-dependent physical change within tissue scaffolds or replicate the dynamic biological behaviors of native tissues for smart tissue regeneration and the fabrication of medical devices. The fabricated stimulusresponsive structures can offer dynamic, reprogrammable deformation or actuation to mimic complex physical, biochemical, and mechanical processes of native tissues. Although there is notable progress made in the development of the 4D printing approach for various biomedical applications, its more broad-scale adoption for clinical use and tissue engineering purposes is complicated by a notable limitation of printable smart materials and the simplistic nature of achievable responses possible with current sources of stimulation. In this review, the recent progress made in the field of 4D printing by discussing the various printing mechanisms that are achieved with great emphasis on smart ink mechanisms of 4D actuation, construct structural design, and printing technologies, is highlighted. Recent 4D printing studies which focus on the applications of tissue/organ regeneration and medical devices are then summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of 4D printing are also discussed.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202109198.

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Section: Printing Technologies For 4d Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging 4D Printing Strategies for Next‐Generation Tissue Regeneration and Medical Devices

et al. 2022

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“…On the other hand, nowadays, there is a strong demand in composite materials, which could be quickly harden at room temperature and, at same time, they should have quite long shelf life at ambient conditions. This task can be solved via creation of polymer materials, which formulation includes MPIs, the advantage of which is the achievement of the hardening under UV‐irradiation 17,18 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This task can be solved via creation of polymer materials, which formulation includes MPIs, the advantage of which is the achievement of the hardening under UV-irradiation. 17,18 MPIs are defined as polymer systems containing pendant or in-chain chromophores, which after the light absorption process can generate active species capable of initiating the polymerization and crosslinking of mono-and multi-functional monomers and oligomers. 17,[19][20][21][22][23] All of the free-radical photoinitiators can be divided into two main types: (i) those capable of photofragmention (Norrish type I), and (ii) those capable of free radicals generation through hydrogen-abstraction mechanism (Norrish type II).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional benzoin derivatives based macrophotoinitiators: Synthesis, inorganic fillers modification, and fabrication of composite materials

Ohar

Tokareva

Nagursky

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Photopolymer composites are the materials with wide application potential in paints and varnishes, diverse lithographic processes, electronics, medicine, and so forth. Here a new approach to the synthesis of macrophotoinitiators (MPIs) were developed and their effective application for curing polymer composites after immobilization on the surface of diverse mineral fillers was demonstrated. The MPIs were synthesized by reaction of benzoin or 3‐hydroxy‐1,2‐diphenyl‐2‐(propan‐2‐yloxy)propan‐1‐one as a photodissociating species with a copolymer of maleic anhydride with methyl methacrylate as carrier. Chemical structure of MPIs and the content of the tethered photoinitiating moieties were determined using 1NMR‐, IR‐, and UV‐spectroscopies. Photolysis of MPIs was investigated in details using a spot‐light curing system. It was demonstrated that MPIs are effective surface modifiers of mineral fillers, such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and nanohydroxyapatite; and behave as effective photoinitiators. The benefits of using the fillers surface‐modified by MPIs in photo‐curable polymer composites were discussed.

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“…In other words, the polymerization of one monomer affected the polymerization of the other monomer via altering the kinetic parameters. In a recently published work, Zhang et al synthesized dual-cured thermosets based on GMA and hardener (poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, PEGDMA) via ultraviolet (UV)-triggered radical polymerization and thermally activated etherification . These authors showed that the Young’s modulus of the dual-cured polymer samples was higher due to cross-linking of polymer chains via hardeners compared with the partly cured polymer samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MA) via ultraviolet (UV)-triggered radical polymerization and thermally activated etherification. 15 These authors showed that the Young's modulus of the dual-cured polymer samples was higher due to cross-linking of polymer chains via hardeners compared with the partly cured polymer samples. Similarly, Roig et al first synthesized partly cured samples through the reaction taking place between the epoxide groups of GMA and amine groups of various hardeners, such as diethylenetriamine (DETA), isophoronediamine (IPDA), tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN), and Jeffamine D400 (JEFFA), via photoinitiation.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomistic Modeling of Dual-Cured Thermosets Based on Glycidyl Methacrylate and Hardeners with Various Architecture and Functionality

Demir

2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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We report a versatile computational procedure for making and testing dual-cured thermosets based on a sequential chain-growth polymerization mechanism and step-growth polymerization mechanism, applicable to the generation of dual-cured thermosets with tunable macroscopic properties. The first stage involves a chain-growth polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomers in the presence of hardeners, and the second stage is based on the step-growth polymerization of the epoxide bearing side chains of the polymerized GMA, p(GMA), with amine groups of the hardeners with various architecture and functionality, namely diethylenetriamine (DETA), isophoronediamine (IPDA), tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN), and diethyltoluenediamine (DETDA). The mobility of the hardener in the once-cured samples determined the final density of the dual-cured samples. The faster the hardener is in the sample, the higher is the density of the dual-cured sample. Mechanical properties of the dual-cured samples showed a dependence on the architecture of hardener. The samples cured with linear aliphatic amines (DETA and TREN) obtained smaller Young's modulus values compared with the samples cured with cyclic (aliphatic or aromatic) amines (IPDA and DETDA).

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Dual-stage thermosetting photopolymers for advanced manufacturing

Cited by 20 publications

References 57 publications

Emerging 4D Printing Strategies for Next‐Generation Tissue Regeneration and Medical Devices

Emerging 4D Printing Strategies for Next‐Generation Tissue Regeneration and Medical Devices

Multifunctional benzoin derivatives based macrophotoinitiators: Synthesis, inorganic fillers modification, and fabrication of composite materials

Atomistic Modeling of Dual-Cured Thermosets Based on Glycidyl Methacrylate and Hardeners with Various Architecture and Functionality

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