Dual-sensing and dual-frequency microwave SRR sensor for liquid samples permittivity detection

Kiani, Sina; Rezaei, Pejman; Navaei, Moein

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2020.107805

Cited by 128 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…On the other hand, Dip 2 exhibits a higher sensitivity (29.3 kHz/%rh) with lower calibration fit residuals in comparison to Dip 1: ± 100 kHz, or ± 3.4 %rh. As an alternative, it is possible to use both dips for humidity detection, thereby reducing the measurement error and increasing accuracy [37].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the design and characterisation of a microwave microstrip resonator for gas sensing applications

et al. 2021

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This study focuses on the microwave characterisation of a microstrip resonator aimed for gas sensing applications. The developed one-port microstrip resonator, consisting of three concentric rings with a central disk, is coupled to a 50-Ohm microstrip feedline through a small gap. A humidity sensing layer is deposited on this gap by drop-coating an aqueous solution of Ag@alpha-Fe2O3 nanocomposite. The operation principle of the developed humidity sensor is based on the change of the dielectric properties of the Ag@alpha-Fe2O3 nanocomposite when the relative humidity is varied. However, it should be underlined that, depending on the choice of the sensing material, different target gases of interest can be detected with the proposed structure. The frequency-dependent response of the sensor is obtained using the reflection coefficient measured from 3.5 GHz to 5.6 GHz with relative humidity ranging from 0 %rh to 83 %rh. The variation of the humidity concentration strongly impacts on the two resonances detected in the measured reflection coefficient. In particular, an increase of the humidity level leads to lowering both resonant frequencies, which can be used as sensing parameters for humidity monitoring purpose. An exponential function has been used to accurately model the two resonant frequencies as a function of the humidity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the design and characterisation of a microwave microstrip resonator for gas sensing applications

et al. 2021

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“…It also shows the detection range of the complex permittivity for each designed sensor aligned with the resonance frequency for a bare sensor and the unloaded, and loaded conditions. It can be illustrated that the maximum normalized sensitivity was achieved by [ 11 , 12 , 75 , 95 , 99 ]. As reported by Ebrahimi, Scott and Ghorbani [ 12 ], the sensitivity was enhanced by incorporating one capacitor in the resonator sensor, while Abdolrazzaghi, Daneshmand and Iyer [ 95 ] substituted the conventional microwave couplers with metamaterial-based couplers to enhance the sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussion and Research Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To demonstrate a high accuracy, Kiani, Rezaei and Navaei [ 75 ] designed a dual-sensing at dual frequencies-based SRR sensor for liquid sample permittivity detection. This sensor has the capability of measuring one tested sample using two frequency bands, which decreases the measurement error caused by a single frequency.…”

Section: Recent Developments Of Microwave Planar Resonatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

Alahnomi

Zakaria

Yussof

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Recent developments in the field of microwave planar sensors have led to a renewed interest in industrial, chemical, biological and medical applications that are capable of performing real-time and non-invasive measurement of material properties. Among the plausible advantages of microwave planar sensors is that they have a compact size, a low cost and the ease of fabrication and integration compared to prevailing sensors. However, some of their main drawbacks can be considered that restrict their usage and limit the range of applications such as their sensitivity and selectivity. The development of high-sensitivity microwave planar sensors is required for highly accurate complex permittivity measurements to monitor the small variations among different material samples. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review recent research on the development of microwave planar sensors and further challenges of their sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, the techniques of the complex permittivity extraction (real and imaginary parts) are discussed based on the different approaches of mathematical models. The outcomes of this review may facilitate improvements of and an alternative solution for the enhancement of microwave planar sensors’ normalized sensitivity for material characterization, especially in biochemical and beverage industry applications.

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“…Table I compares the fabricated prototype to recently reported microwave microfluidic sensors, either utilizing additive manufacturing or capable of sensing multiple fluids. While dual-mode resonators were proposed in [38] and [39], the proposed sensor is the only scalable multi-fluid microwave sensor proposed in literature. In addition to being the only reported sensor with >2 microfluidic channels and resonant elements, the proposed sensor's accuracy and sensitivity is comparable to state-of-the-art sensors which utilize additive manufacturing.…”

Section: Discussion and Comparison With Recent Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable All-Printed Microwave Microfluidic Sensor for Multi-Liquid Characterization based on a Stub-Loaded Microstrip Line

Wagih¹,

Shi²

2021

Preprint

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Microwave microfluidic sensors are typically designed with a channel in vicinity of a resonator's fringing electric (E)-fields, to characterize the material properties of a single fluid. This paper leverages hybrid 3D and dispenser printing to realize a scalable microfluidic sensor utilizing the parallel-plate capacitance of an open-ended microstrip stub, enabling, for the first time, a tunable sensitivity. A stub-loaded microstrip line is then proposed for characterizing multiple microfluidic samples simultaneously using a simple two-port multi-band resonator. The physical constrains which limit the scalability of the proposed sensors have been analyzed analytically and numerically, prior to implementing a three-channel triple-band sensor. The microfluidic channels have been fabricated using stereolithography 3D printing with the microstrip line directly dispenser printed on a conformable polyimide substrate. To accommodate varying channel thicknesses, a tapered microstrip line is proposed to maintain the impedance matching. The fabricated sensor is characterized using binary water-IPA mixtures to evaluate its sensitivity, comparing favorably with reported 3D-printed sensors. The proposed sensor achieves over 90% accuracy in determining the real permittivity following a simple water-based calibration across the different channels, for samples with 16 oC temperature sensitivity across all channels.

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Dual-sensing and dual-frequency microwave SRR sensor for liquid samples permittivity detection

Cited by 128 publications

References 87 publications

On the design and characterisation of a microwave microstrip resonator for gas sensing applications

On the design and characterisation of a microwave microstrip resonator for gas sensing applications

Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

Scalable All-Printed Microwave Microfluidic Sensor for Multi-Liquid Characterization based on a Stub-Loaded Microstrip Line

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