Dual photoacoustic monitoring in laser ablation synthesis of silver nanoparticles to find in situ their fluence threshold formation

Photoacoustic detection of transient phase transformation of nanoparticles

“…15 However, there is limited in situ research on the evolution processes of nanoparticles in photothermal transient environments, such as solid-state crystal transformations and changes of state, which limits the understanding and application of LSPC technology. Recently, various methods of real-time analysis, such as in situ Xrays, 26,27 dynamic light scattering (DLS), 28 light absorption/ emission spectroscopy, 29,30 time-resolved shadowgraphy, 31,32 photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy [33][34][35][36] are used to analyze the process of laser interaction with matter. DLS provides information on the presence of a few nm or larger objects, 37 however, this technology does not distinguish between bubbles and nanoparticles, and the signal is strongly dominated by larger objects.…”