Dual-Particle Imaging Performance of a Cs<sub>2</sub>LiYCl<sub>6</sub>:Ce (CLYC)-Based Rotational Modulation Collimator (RMC) System

Kim, Hyun Suk; Kim, Geehyun; Ye, Sung-Joon

doi:10.1109/tns.2021.3140035

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The Cs 2 LiYCl 6 :Ce 3+ (CLYC) is a highly promising inorganic scintillator due to its excellent ability to discriminate between neutron and gamma radiation [1][2][3]. CLYC-based detectors are widely used in neutron-gamma density logging [4], dual-particle imaging instruments [5], nuclear security applications [6], and space radiation detection [7]. The shape of the pulse corresponds to the type of internal interaction, whereas the height of the pulse is proportional to the energy of the detected event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pulse selection algorithm for SiPM-coupled CLYC detectors

Dai,

Yang,

Tang

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

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SiPM-coupled Cs2LiYCl6:Ce3+ (CLYC) detectors are widely used for detecting neutrons and gamma rays in mixed radiation environments. Intensities and energies are obtained from the output pulses of the detector, including normal and anomalous pulses. Since anomalous pulses can negatively affect measurement accuracy, this study designs a pulse selection algorithm to improve them. This algorithm calculates the ratio of the mean to the standard deviation of an output pulse in a particular time window and categorizes it as normal or anomalous. The algorithm also uses the difference in ratio value between neutrons and gamma rays for pulse shape discrimination. In an experiment using a SiPM-coupled CLYC detector, 200,000 sets of pulses were obtained for 137Cs and Am-Be sources. The results indicate that this method can reject more than 94.2% of anomalous pulses, improving the energy resolution of 137Cs source from 8.9% @ 662 keV to 8.4% @ 662 keV. The figure-of-merit (FOM) of pulse shape discrimination is 1.23 for the Am-Be source, and this method can select specific pulse types based on the pulse-ratio value. In addition, the method is suitable for all pulse-mode detectors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pulse selection algorithm for SiPM-coupled CLYC detectors

Dai,

Yang,

Tang

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

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“…The PSD technique is an algorithm that could distinguish the types of radiation by analyzing the slightly different signal pulse shapes generated upon detection. The PSD algorithms have succeeded in efficiently and accurately discriminating γ‐rays, neutrons, and alpha particles in many studies 17–22 . However, positrons and γ‐rays, when detected using a single scintillator, have essentially the similar pulse shapes; thus, it is difficult to distinguish radiation particles based only on pulse shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PSD algorithms have succeeded in efficiently and accurately discriminating γ-rays, neutrons, and alpha particles in many studies. [17][18][19][20][21][22] However, positrons and γ-rays, when detected using a single scintillator, have essentially the similar pulse shapes; thus, it is difficult to distinguish radiation particles based only on pulse shape. The phoswich detector for positron detection generally comprises a two-layer scintillator of different decay times and a photosensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of phoswich detector‐based β+/γ‐ray discrimination algorithm with deep learning

Kim

Lee

et al. 2023

Medical Physics

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BackgroundPositron probes can accurately localize malignant tumors by directly detecting positrons emitted from positron‐emitting radiopharmaceuticals that accumulate in malignant tumors. In the conventional method for direct positron detection, multilayer scintillator detection and pulse shape discrimination techniques are used. However, some γ‐rays cannot be distinguished by conventional methods. Accordingly, these γ‐rays are misidentified as positrons, which may increase the error rate of positron detection.PurposeTo analyze the energy distribution in each scintillator of the multilayer scintillator detector to distinguish true positrons and γ‐rays and to improve the positron detection algorithm by discriminating true and false positrons.MethodsWe used Autoencoder, an unsupervised deep learning architecture, to obtain the energy distribution data in each scintillator of the multilayer scintillator detector. The Autoencoder was trained to separate the combined signals generated from the multilayer scintillator detector into two signals of each scintillator. An energy window was then applied to the energy distribution obtained using the trained Autoencoder to distinguish true positrons from false positrons. Finally, the performance of the proposed method and conventional positron detection algorithm was evaluated in terms of the sensitivity and error rate for positron detection.ResultsThe energy distribution map obtained using the trained Autoencoder was proven to be similar to that of the simulated results. Furthermore, the proposed method demonstrated a 29.79% (+0.42%p) increase in positron detection sensitivity compared to the conventional method, both having an equal error rate of 0.48%. However, when both methods were set to have the same sensitivity of 1.83%, the proposed method had an error rate that was 25.0% (−0.16%p) lower than that of the conventional method.ConclusionsWe proposed and developed an Autoencoder‐based positron detection algorithm that can discriminate between true and false positrons with a smaller error rate than conventional methods. We verified that the proposed method could increase the positron detection sensitivity while maintaining a low error rate compared to the conventional method. If the proposed algorithm is implemented in handheld positron detection probes or cameras, diseases such as cancers can be more accurately localized in a shorter time compared with using traditional methods.

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“…The Cs 2 LiYCl 6 :Ce 3+ (CLYC) is a promising inorganic scintillator for dual-particle imaging instruments [1], neutron-gamma density logging [2], nuclear security applications [3], and space radiation detection [4], due to its excellent gamma ray energy resolution and pulse shape discrimination (PSD) capability between neutrons and gamma rays [5]. The design and application of readout for particle detection applications are changing from traditional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) to silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) [6,7], owing to their compact size, low operating voltage, and magnetic insensitivity [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Radiation damage on the performance of a silicon photomultiplier-coupled Cs₂LiYCl₆:Ce³⁺ detector

et al. 2023

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A silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) coupled Cs2LiYCl6:Ce3+ (CLYC) detector was developed for neutron detection in the narrow, mixed radiation field. Studies show that the SiPM and scintillator will suffer a certain degree of damage in high-intensity irradiation environments. To evaluate the effects of the radiation damage, the detector was exposed to a zero-power research reactor. The thermal neutron exposures ranged from 0 up to 7.60 × 107 n/cm2. The performance specifications on the gamma ray and thermal neutron pulses, 6Li(n, α)3H thermal neutron peaks, energy resolutions, and pulse shape discrimination were analyzed. The results showed that the standard gamma ray and thermal neutron pulses were slightly altered, the thermal neutron peak centroid reduced by 40%, the energy resolution of the 6Li(n, α)3H thermal neutron peak deteriorated from 15% to 21%, and the figure of merit of pulse shape discrimination decreased from 1.41 to 1.16. These variation curves can be applied to evaluate and correct the detector irradiation damage.

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Dual-Particle Imaging Performance of a Cs₂LiYCl₆:Ce (CLYC)-Based Rotational Modulation Collimator (RMC) System

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

A pulse selection algorithm for SiPM-coupled CLYC detectors

A pulse selection algorithm for SiPM-coupled CLYC detectors

Improvement of phoswich detector‐based β+/γ‐ray discrimination algorithm with deep learning

Radiation damage on the performance of a silicon photomultiplier-coupled Cs₂LiYCl₆:Ce³⁺ detector

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Dual-Particle Imaging Performance of a Cs2LiYCl6:Ce (CLYC)-Based Rotational Modulation Collimator (RMC) System

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

A pulse selection algorithm for SiPM-coupled CLYC detectors

A pulse selection algorithm for SiPM-coupled CLYC detectors

Improvement of phoswich detector‐based β+/γ‐ray discrimination algorithm with deep learning

Radiation damage on the performance of a silicon photomultiplier-coupled Cs2LiYCl6:Ce3+ detector

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Dual-Particle Imaging Performance of a Cs₂LiYCl₆:Ce (CLYC)-Based Rotational Modulation Collimator (RMC) System

Radiation damage on the performance of a silicon photomultiplier-coupled Cs₂LiYCl₆:Ce³⁺ detector